Umdlavuza wesikhumba yisifo esithinta abantu ngokuphindaphindiwe unyaka ngamunye. Kuze kube manje, ukufa okuvela kumdlavuza wesikhumba kungu-5% wezo zonke umdlavuza. Abantu abathintekayo kakhulu basebekhulile, bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza wesikhumba: i-basal cell ne-squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba. I-Basal cell carcinoma yesikhumba iqala ngaphansi kwesikhumba. I-squamous cell carcinoma ingena ngaphakathi kwe-stratum corneum - emkhathini.
Ukuze uthole lesi sifo ekuqaleni, udinga ukwazi izimbangela ezinkulu nezimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Izimbangela zomdlavuza wesikhumba:
- imiphumela ye-carcinogenic (i-X-ray, amakhemikhali);
- Ukuthunjwa (ukuvezwa kokudlulelwa isikhathi eside elangeni eliqondile).
Izimbangela ezingaqondile kanye nesimo esibucayi kufaka i-albinism, i-lupus, i-pigmentation ephindaphindiwe, izilonda ezincelisa isikhathi eside. Umdlavuza wesikhumba unomthelela kakhulu kubantu abanobuchopho futhi obheke ukukhanya futhi ukhula kaningi ebusweni, izandla, i-trunk, shins.
Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba
Esigabeni sokuqala, izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba zingase zingekho. Lesi sifo siziphatha ngokungalindelekile - singase singabonakali ngokwayo iminyaka noma sifinyelele esigabeni sokugcina ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zomdlavuza wesikhumba zibukeka amazinyo amakhulu kakhulu ombala omnyama ophuzi. Ama-noodle angavela ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngokulandelana. Lezi zinhlayiya ziqala ukwanda ngokushesha futhi zithinte izindawo eziseduze zesikhumba.
I-Basal cell carcinoma yesikhumba ihluke ekuthuthukiseni kwe-cell squamous ngokuthuthukiswa okuncane. Esikhathini sokuqala, lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba lungabonakali, ngezigaba kamuva, umdlavuza wesikhumba ungathatha uhlobo lwesilonda noma i-bumpy crust.
Ukuqaphela umdlavuza wesikhumba
Ukuhlolisiswa komdlavuza wesikhumba kwenziwa endaweni yokugula. I-tumor ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Uma kunoma yikuphi ukungabaza, ukuxilongwa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa - ucwaningo lwe-radioisotope. Odokotela abaningi basebenzisa indlela yokuhlolwa kwe-cytological yesikhumba esithintekile kanye ne-biopsy. I-Ultrasound, i-computer diagnostics, i-radiography yizindlela ezisizayo.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba
Kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza wesikhumba nokuthi isifo sifika kanjani, indlela yokwelapha ikhethiwe. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha lesi sifo yizi:
- Ukwelashwa kwamafutha. Le ndlela isetshenziswe ezimweni lapho isisu sinesayizi encane. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa akukhuthazwa inyanga engaphezu kwenyanga. Le ndlela inemiphumela emibi - ingalimaza izindawo zesikhumba enempilo;
- ukwelapha ukwelashwa. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa amacala angu-90%. Iphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesikhumba esiqu, izingalo, intamo. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ekukhipheni isisu kanye nendawo encane yesikhumba esizungezile nge nitrogen enamandla. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa akunakugwenywa ekususweni kwe-metastase kanye nokwanda kwama-lymph nodes;
- ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa. Njengomthetho, le ndlela isebenzisa kanye nendlela yokuhlinzwa ne-radiotherapy.
Ukuvimbela I-Cancer Cancer
Izindlela eziyinhloko:
- ukuvikela isikhumba kusuka elangeni, ikakhulu ehlobo;
- gwema ukoma ngokweqile kwesikhumba;
- Ungagijimi ukwelashwa kwezilonda ne-fistula;
- ngangokunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa uxhumano namafutha kanye nezinto eziqukethe i-carcinogen;
- ngokushesha uthintane nodokotela ngokusola kancane kwesifo esinqanda.
Ngeshwa, akekho udokotela onganikeza isiqinisekiso esingu-100% sokusebenza kokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, abantu abathintekayo kule sifo kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Umkhuba wokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesikhumba ukwandisa i-solarium. Kuphikisana ngokuphelele nabantu abanama-moles amaningi kanye nesikhumba esibucayi. Ukuhambisana nalo mthetho kuzovumela amantombazane nabesifazane abaningi ukuba bagweme ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesikhumba ekugugeni.