Ukukhathazeka Kokukhubazeka Kokukhubazeka (ADHD) kuyisifo se-system central neyesisindo. Kuze kube manje, ukutholakala kwalokhu kutholakala phakathi kwezingane kukhula njalo ngonyaka. Phakathi kwabafana, ukuxilongwa okunjalo kuvamile kakhulu.
Yenza izingane: izimbangela
I-ADHD ingabangelwa izizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukuphazanyiswa kwezinhlaka ezingaphansi kwebuchopho;
- i-pathologists yentuthuko ye-lobes yangaphambili yobuchopho;
- ukufeza;
- encephalopathy ;
- ukubeletha kokukhulelwa kumama wengane (hypoalia ye-fetal, ukungena komzimba, ukubhema, ukucindezeleka, ukungondleki);
- izici zenkambo yokusebenza: ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isikhathi eside, isikhathi eside, ngokuvuselelwa komsebenzi;
- umntwana wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izingxabano ezihlala njalo emndenini, ukucindezela ngokweqile ngokuphathelene nengane kungabangela ekuveleleni kwesifo sakhe se-ADHD.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD ezinganeni
Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilongwa yindlela yokuqapha kwengane emvelo endaweni yakhe. Umbonisi udala ikhadi elibizwa ngokuthi i-observation card, elirekhoda ulwazi mayelana nokuziphatha kwengane ekhaya, esikoleni, emgwaqeni, kumbuthano wabangane, nabazali.
Ngomntwana oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 ubudala, ukulinganisa izilinganiso kusetshenziselwa ukunquma izinga lokunakekelwa, ukucabanga nezinye izinqubo zokucabangela.
Lapho ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, izikhalazo zabazali, idatha yerekhodi yezokwelapha yengane nazo zicatshangelwa.
Izimpawu ze-ADHD ezinganeni
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-ADHD ziqala ukuvela kakade entsheni. Ingane ene-ADHD ibonisa ukuba khona kwezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukwandiswa kwemishini yezitho zomzimba;
- ukunyakaza okukhathazayo;
- ivame ukuphuza ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo ;
- ukuxuba;
- ukuvinjelwa;
- ukuphanga;
- ukuphumula;
- ukungabi nalutho.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zingane zicatshangelwa ukuzethemba, izinhloko kanye nokwesaba.
Izici zengqondo zezingane ezine-ADHD
Izingane ezine-ADHD zihluke kakhulu kunontanga yazo evamile:
- ingane ayikwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe;
- Kunzima kuye ukuba agxilise isikhathi eside esihlokweni esisodwa;
- ikhono lomzwelo, izinguquko eziningi zemizwelo;
- Kunzima ingane ukuba ixhumana nezinye izingane.
Ukufundisa izingane ezine-ADHD
Ukufundisa ingane ehlushwa i-ADHD kudinga ukunakekelwa okwenziwe ngabazali nothisha, njengoba kudingeka ukuba enze imithwalo yengqondo, ukuqiniseka, njalo ngangokunokwenzeka, izinguquko eziningi emisebenzini ukuze kugweme ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo kule ndaba. Ingane ene-ADHD ibonakala ngokungabi nalutho, ingakwazi ukuhamba nxazonke ekilasini ngesikhathi sesifundo, kubangele ukuphazamiseka kokufunda.
Isikole sabantwana abane-ADHD sibonisa ubunzima obunzima kakhulu, ngoba sidinga ukuthi singenakwenzeka ngenxa yezici zayo zomzimba: isikhathi eside ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa futhi sigxile kwisifundo esisodwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD ezinganeni
Izingane ezine-ADHD syndrome kufanele ziphathwe ngendlela ephelele: ngaphezu kokuthekisana kwezidakamizwa, ingane nayo iyadingeka, futhi abazali bavakashela isazi se-neuropsychologist.
Abazali kudingeka baqinisekise ukugcinwa kwengane kombuso wosuku, banikeze ithuba lokushayela amandla okuqoqwa ngamandla ngokusebenzisa umzimba nokuhamba okude. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukubuka i-TV nokuthola ingane kwikhompyutha, njengoba lokhu kwandisa umzimba omkhulu womntwana.
Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwengane ene-ADHD ezindaweni zokuminyanisa okukhulu, njengoba lokhu kungenza kube lula ukubonakaliswa kokungabikho kahle.
Kusukela ekusebenziseni imithi: i-atomoxetine, i-cortexin, i-encephabol, i- pantog , i-cerebrolysin, i- phenibut , i-pyracetam, i-ritalin, i-dexrinrine, i-cilert. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ngokuqapha izidakamizwa ze-nootropic ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala, ngoba zinenombolo
Ingane ene-ADHD idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kubo bobabili abazali kanye nemvelo. Ukuhlelwa kahle kobuholi bosuku, umsebenzi womzimba, ukulungiswa okwanele kokudumisa nokugxekwa kwengane kuzomvumela ukuba alungiselele ngokwengeziwe imvelo.
Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi njengoba ingane ikhula, ukubonakaliswa kwe-ADHD syndrome kuzosulwa futhi kungabizwanga.