Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi namuhla umndeni osondelene naye usuyeke ukubhekwa njengomuntu ohlukile. Abomndeni nabangashadile, nakwamanye amazwe - imibhangqwana yabantu abanobulili obufanayo, baveza isifiso sokuyisa ingane emndenini osondelene nabo. Ukukhuliswa kwezingane emindenini yezintombi kunqunywa, okokuqala, ngesikhathi seminyaka eyamukelekile. Kusukela esimweni esifanayo, izinkinga zomndeni osondelene nazo nazo zithembele.
Umndeni wakwa-Foster nosana olusha
Ngokujwayelekile, umndeni ngamunye othakazelisayo ukhetha ukutholwa umntwana osanda kuzalwa - naphezu kokuthi lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima kubazali besikhathi esizayo. Njengoba wazi, izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala zingumntwana isikhathi lapho ehlobene kakhulu nomama wakhe ngamandla. Futhi ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, ukuncelisa kunika umntwana usizo olungokoqobo - isibonelo, kunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sofuba noma i-gastroenteritis ngo-33%.
Ngakho-ke, izici zomndeni okhulayo kulokhu kuboniswa ukuthi abazali abasha kuzodingeka baxoxe nomama wengane yomntwana ngezinga elithile, uma kwenzeka lokhu kwenzeka. Isici esinjalo singabangela kubazali abamukelayo ukuthi bazizwe bengabazeki futhi besaba okuthile.
Lesi yisimo esivamile esabonwe yizazi, okuyinto inkinga yokuqala yomndeni osondelene owathatha umntwana. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abazali ababelethi kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi kunezinsizakalo zokusekelwa kwengqondo emindenini ekhulile, ochwepheshe babo abazobasiza ukuba babhekane nezinkinga eziye zavela.
Intombazane emndenini okhulayo
Isinqumo sokuthatha ingane emndenini okhulelwe kufanele sicatshangelwe ngokukhethekile uma sibhekene nezingane ezindala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abazali ababelethi bavame ukubhekana nokugxeka nokwenqatshwa ukuthi ingane ingathatha.
Ukubekezela okukhulu nokucabangela okukhulu kudinga umfana osemusha. Ingane yalesi sizukulwane ibona umndeni wakhe omusha nabazali abamukelayo (ikakhulukazi umama!) Ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungowesifazane owamnakekelayo nangothando, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ngaphandle kokuthanda kwakhe, uhlotshaniswa nomama wakhe wezinto eziphilayo, owamkhaphela futhi wamshiya.
Intombazane emndenini osondelene nayo ibaluleke nakakhulu kunezingane ezincane, ehlangabezana nemizwa elandelayo:
- ukwesaba okungaziwa;
- ukwesaba ukuthi esikhathini samanje noma esikhathini esizayo umndeni osondelene nawo uyomenqaba - njengoba nje kwenzeka kuye esikhathini esidlule, nabazali bakhe abaphilayo.
Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu aphambili okukhuliswa emndenini osondelene kufanele ahlolwe ukuba aqondiswe ekukhokheni lezi zimo enganeni. Indlela yokufeza lokhu? Ochwepheshe bakhomba amaphuzu amabili:
- Abazali abamukelekayo akufanele babonise ukunakekelwa okukhulu kwezingane ngokuphathelene nengane;
- Abazali abathandayo kufanele bapheleke ngokuphelele ekuzizwa benecala noma ukuzisola ngaphambi kwengane, ngaphandle kokuzama ukugcina impendulo yezenzo zabazali bakhe abaphilayo.
Utshela kanjani ingane ukuthi uhlala emndenini okhulile?
Kungcono kangakanani ingane ukuba ikhulume mayelana nokwamukelwa nokuhlala emndenini okhulile? Namuhla, zonke izazi ze-psychologists ziyavumelana ngento eyodwa: yenza lapho ingane isencane. Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi esivamile, imibono yochwepheshe ihlukile. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe eneminyaka engu-8. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukulinda kuze kube yilapho ingane iphenduka iminyaka engu-11 ubudala, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ingane isivele iyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo iziphetho ezinengqondo neziyisithupha ngesisekelo seziphetho.
Kodwa-ke, bobabili bayavuma ukuthi ulwazi kumntombazane kufanele luhanjiswe kancane kancane, ngosizo lwezinkulumo eziphindaphindiwe noma izenzo - isibonelo, ukucindezela umntwana noma ukumfundela incwadi yakhe oyintandokazi esimweni sokuthula nokufudumala.
Kodwa-ke, umndeni osakhulayo kufanele ulungele ukuthi ingane izoyithatha izindaba ezithinta ingane yakhe. Ukusabela kwakhe kungabonakaliswa ngokuziphatha okungahloniphi nokuhlukunyezwa - kokubili ngokuqondene nabazali bakhe abamukelayo, futhi ngokuphathelene nabazali bakhe begazi noma ngisho nabantu abangaziwayo.
Ochwepheshe bachaza lokhu ngokuthi ngemuva kwalolu lwazi ingane izwa umuzwa wecala, engazi ukuthi yiliphi uhlangothi okufanele lithathwe. Kubonakala sengathi, ngokuthanda umndeni wakhe omusha kanye nabazali abathandekayo, uthengisa abazali bakhe abaphilayo, futhi ngokufanayo. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukusabela okunjalo kubhekisela ezimpawu ze-post-traumatic syndrome (i-PTSD). Izingxoxo ezinokuthula nezingqinamba abazali kufanele bafunde ingane kancane kancane ukuthi umqondo wokuthi ukutholwa kwakhe kuyisenzo sothando. Ungakhuluma ngezimpilo zezingane ezikhungweni zezintandane nezintandane, ngokuziqhathanisa nempilo yabantwana emindenini yokukhulelwa.
Uma abazali bengenakusiza ingane yabo ngokwabo, badinga ukuxhumana nesevisi enikeza usizo lwezingqondo emindenini ekhuthaza.
Umndeni wakwa-Foster noMthetho
Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe ingane emndenini osondelene nabo, kudingeka wazi kangcono nezenzo zomthetho ezithatha inqubo yokwamukelwa. Ngokwemibandela eyisisekelo, afana neRussia ne-Ukraine. Nazi amaphuzu abo abalulekile.
Ngokusho kwe-RSFSR:
Isigaba 127. Abantu abanelungelo lokuba abazali abamukelayo
- 1. Amakhompiyutha angase abe ngabantu abadala bobulili, ngaphandle kwa:
- Abantu babhekwa njengengakwazi ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni noma ngokweqile ngokomthetho;
- abashadile, omunye wabo owaziwa yinkantolo njengengenakulungiswa ngokomthetho noma engakwazi kahle ngokomthetho;
- Abantu banqatshelwe amalungelo abo omzali noma banqunywe yinkantolo ngamalungelo omzali;
- abantu abahoxisiwe emisebenzini yomgcini (umphathiswa) wokusebenza okungalungile kwemisebenzi ebekiwe kuye;
- ababengabazali bokutholwa, uma ukutholwa komthetho kukhishwa yinkantolo ngesiphambeko sabo;
- abantu abaye bahlushwa noma bahlushwa icala, ngaphandle kokubekwa icala lobugebengu obunqatshelwe izizathu zokuvuselela izigebengu eziphathelene nokuphila nempilo, inkululeko, inhlonipho nesithunzi somuntu (ngaphandle kokubekwa emthethweni esibhedlela esibhedlela, ukunyundela nokuhlambalaza), ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nokukhululeka ngokobulili komuntu, ngokumelene nomndeni nabancane, impilo yomphakathi kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi, nokumelene nomphakathi ukuphepha th;
- - abantu abahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezingahlangabezani nemithetho nemigomo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nemigomo.
Isigaba 128. Ukuhluka phakathi kweminyaka emkhatsini we-adopter kanye nezingane ezamukelwe
- Umehluko weminyaka phakathi komuntu ongashadile nomntwana otholiwe kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka eyishumi nesithupha ubudala. Ngenxa yezizathu ezithathwa yinkantolo njengezivumelekile, umehluko wonyaka ungancishiswa.
- Uma ingane iyakwamukelwa ngumama wesithathu (umama wesithathu), umehluko weminyaka owenzelwe isigatshana 1 salesi sihloko asidingeki.
- Ukuqedwa kwenkontileka yomndeni okhulayo kubhekene namacala alandelayo:
Isigaba 141. Izizathu zokuqedwa kokutholwa kwengane
- Ukwamukelwa kwengane kungasuswa uma kwenzeka abazali abavame ukugwema ukufeza imisebenzi yabazali ababelwe yona, ukuhlukumeza amalungelo omzali, ukuhlukunyezwa ingane eyamukelwe, abagula ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukulutha izidakamizwa.
- Inkantolo inelungelo lokukhansela ukwemukelwa kwengane kanye nezinye izizathu ngesisekelo sezintshisekelo zomntanakho nokucabangela umbono wengane.
Isigaba 142. Abantu Abanelungelo Lokucela Ukukhanselwa Kokutholwa Kwezingane
Ilungelo lokufuna ukuqedwa kokutholwa kwengane liyakuthandwa ngabazali bakhe, abazali ababeletha bomntwana, umntwana otholekile oye wafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14, umgwamanda wokulondoloza kanye ne-trusteeship, kanye nomshushisi.
E-Ukraine:
Ayikwazi ukwamukela umuntu:
- ekwazi ukulinganisa, engakwazi;
- kunqatshelwe amalungelo omzali;
- abantu ababeseqalile ukutholwa kanye nokutholwa kwabo baqedwa ngephutha labo;
- abhalisiwe noma abaphathwa ngendlela yokuhlinzekwa kwengqondo noma yezemvelo;
- ukuphuza ngokweqile nezidakamizwa;
- ukungabi nendawo yokuhlala yokuhlala unomphela kanye nengeniso engunaphakade;
- Abanye abantu abanentshisekelo yabo ephikisana nezintshisekelo zengane.
Inzuzo yokwamukelwa inikezwa izihlobo, abantu abamukela abazalwane nodade abaningana, izakhamizi zase-Ukraine nemibhangqwana eshadile.
Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuhweba wokuhweba ohlobene nokwamukelwa e-Ukraine awuvunyelwe.
Ukwamukelwa kudinga imvume yengane, ngaphandle kwamacala lapho ingane ingakwazi ukuveza umbono ngesikhathi noma isimo sempilo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi umgcini / umnakekeli / ikhaya lomntwana wamukeleke ukuba amukele, nakuba imvume enjalo ingatholakala ngesinqumo sogunyaziwe wokugcina noma inkantolo (esimweni sokwamukelwa kwezingane).
Isinqumo senkantolo mayelana nokwamukelwa senziwa ngokucabangela isimo sempilo, isimo kanye nomndeni wabazali abamukelayo, isisusa sokwamukelwa, ubuntu kanye nempilo yengane, isikhathi lapho umamukeli esenakekele kakade ingane, isimo sengqondo somntwana ngokuphathelene nabazali abamukelayo.
Inkantolo ayinelungelo lokwenqaba ukwamukela izizathu zokuthi i-adopters kakade ikhona noma ingaba nengane yayo.