Yiziphi izimbangela ezinkulu ze-autism?
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngezibonakaliso zokuphulwa okunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izizathu zayo eziyinhloko.
Phakathi kwalabo, phakathi kokuqala, odokotela bathi ukuzalwa. Ngamanye amazwi, uma omunye wabazali noma izihlobo zakhe eziseduze unalezi zinkinga, khona-ke amathuba okubukeka kwakhe emntwaneni ozayo futhi enhle.
Futhi, phakathi nokucwaninga, ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi i-autism iqala ngokumelene nezinye izifo ezihlobene nokuphulwa kwenqubo ye-intrauterine yentuthuko yezimbumbulu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibono yabazali ngokwabo ibhekene nale nkinga mayelana nokuthi imbangela yentuthuko yayo ikhona ekugonyeni kuyiphutha.
Ngabe ukutholakala kwezingane ezikhubazekile kutholakala kanjani?
Ukukhuluma mayelana nokubona izimpawu ze-autism ebusweni , kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukwenza ngaleso sikhathi. Njengomthetho, kwezokwelapha zonke izimpawu zokuphulwa okunjalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- inhlalo;
- ukuxhumana;
- okushiwo.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwezimpawu ze-autism ezinganeni lihlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa kwesimo salo emphakathini. Ukubukeka kwabo abazali kungabonwa kuphela ngeminyaka emibili. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingane ikhetha ukuhlala yedwa, ingafuni ukudlala nontanga yakhe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, ingayinaki nhlobo. Uma uzama ukuxhumana, ingane ngokuvamile ayibheki emehlweni omxhumanisi wakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyindabuko noma umuntu ongajwayelekile. Nokho, akavumeli ukuthinta yena. Izingane ezinjalo ziyasabela ngokuvumelana nokuba khona kwabazali noma ukungafiki, njll. ezinye izingane ezinokuphulwa okunjalo zibonisa ukungaboni kahle ngokweqile, kuyilapho abanye behluke - abakwazi ukuthwala ngisho nokungabi khona kwamaminithi noma umama. Ukusabela kwalezi zingane kulokho okwenzekayo okungahle kwenzeke.
Ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kwe-autism ezinganeni, njengezimpawu zokuxhumana, kubonakala ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo, noma ngezinye izikhathi ukunciphisa amakhono okuxhumana, njll. Ngesinye isikhathi uqala ukuxhumana nabanye abazungezile futhi abalahlekelwa isithakazelo kubo. Futhi, ingane enokukhubazeka okufanayo ayikho nentshisekelo ezintweni ezizungezile, izwe elizungezile alithandeki nhlobo. Izingane azivamise ukumomotheka, futhi aziphenduli ukumomotheka kwabanye ngendlela efanayo. Cishe yonke imizamo yokusungula inkhulumomphendvulwano enjalo ingane ihluleka. Ngokukhuluma ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlangabezana namazwi angekho noma ukuphinda nje ukuphinda inkulumo ezwe kubantu abadala (echolalia).
Izimpawu ezibonakalayo (izimpawu) ze-autism ezinganeni ezincane kubonakala ukuthi izingane ezinjalo ziphinda ukunyakaza okulula okufanayo cishe ngaphandle kokuyeka. Ukuguquguquka kwezimo ezintsha zokuphila kwenzeka ngenkinga enkulu. Ingane kunzima ukubekezelela ukutholakala kwabantu abangabazi emphakathini futhi izinikezele ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke.
Indlela yokuthola ukwephulwa okunjalo esigabeni sokuqala?
Izimpawu zobuthi obumnene ezinganeni kunzima ukubona. Abanye abazali babhala ukuhlukumeza okunjalo ngezici zobunikazi, ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa noma yikuphi ukubaluleka kubo.
Kodwa-ke, phambi kwezibonakaliso ezilandelayo, umama ngamunye kufanele aqashwe futhi axoxisane ngalokhu nodokotela:
- Ingxenye yengane ayijabuli;
- ezinyangeni ezingu-9 akukho ukulingiswa kwemisindo;
- kuya ku-1 unyakaze ngokuphelele, awukhulumi okungenani imisindo ethile ukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi, ibukeka njengamazwi, izenzo azikho;
- unyaka nonyaka akasho izwi elilodwa;
- eminyakeni emibili ayichazi amagama kusuka kumagama amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Uma kwenzeka kukhona izibonakaliso ezifanayo udokotela wenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile ezivumela ukudalula ukwephulwa kwengane nokuqoka ukwelashwa.