Uyazi ukuthi i-gum gum yasungulwa nini, isiphi isimo ivinjelwe futhi ingabe yimuphi umsebenzi? Ekukhetheni kwethu ungathola izimpendulo kuzo zonke lezi mibuzo hhayi kuphela.
Bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo, kodwa ngo-2018 umkhosi wokuguqula i-cheum gum, uzoba neminyaka engu-170 ubudala. Yakhiwe yi-American John Curtis, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye wahlangabezana nokuguqulwa okuningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu baseGrisi lasendulo bahlambalaza i-mastic tree resin, futhi bakwenza ngenhlanzeko yomlomo. Usuku lokuzalwa lwe-chewing gum lugubha ngoSepthemba 23, namanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo - kamuva.
1. Ukuhlafuna ngobuciko
Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-chewing gum yokuqala ngo-1848, kusetshenziselwa i-resin yemithi ye-coniferous ne-paraffin flavour. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, izinaliti zephayinsi zivame ukushaya isisindo, esasibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni. I-chewing gum yayibizwa ngokuthi "i-White Mountain", "i-Cream ne-Sugar" ne-"Lift Lulu". Ibhola le-rubber lafika ngo-1871, futhi kuhle kakhulu ukuthi umsunguli walo unelungelo lomshini wokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo. Ukusabalalisa umkhiqizo omusha phakathi kwabathengi, kuhanjiswe ezitolo mahhala.
2. Ingxenye yemingcele yezempi
Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi eminikelweni yesosha ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili befuna ukuhlafuna "i-Orbit". Kwakukholelwa ukuthi kusiza amasosha ukuphumula nokulwa nokucindezeleka.
3. Ukugxila kwabakhiqizi
Ucabanga ukuthi izinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza ukufuna i-gum ziMelika? Kodwa leli zwe lisendaweni yesibili. Eqinisweni, iTurkey inesikhundla esiphambili.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlafuna i-gum
Ukuhlafuna i-gum akufani nokubukeka okuhlukile (amapulethi, amapayipi nama-tubules), kodwa futhi ngenjongo yayo kanye nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, okukhethwa kukho okulandelayo kunganikwa:
- ngaphandle kokushukela - ngenkathi kusetshenziselwa ukudla okuthakazelisayo okusetshenzisiwe;
- ngama-rubber - ama-rubber bands ngendlela yama-pads abe ngaphakathi kwendiza - isisindo esithandekayo;
- ukusebenza - ukwakhiwa kuhlanganisa amavithamini, amaminerali nezinye izinto eziwusizo;
- I-gummy-chewing gum iqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ngenxa yesifo esithile (kuye ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe), okusheshayo egazini kunokuba kuthathwe amaphilisi;
- i-nicotinic - sebenzisa le rajubhi ukuyeka ukubhema, ngoba iqukethe i-nicotine eningi.
Kukhona namasongo okuhlaziya okunciphisa, amazinyo agcoba, ama-herbal, amandla, ukudla okunye nokunye.
5. Ukuhlafuna okungavamile
Esikhathini sokulinganisa kweForbes ungathola uhlu lwezinsini ezingavamile kakhulu zokuhlafuna. Kuhlanganisa amandla okuhlafuna i-gum, ukushaja i-vivacity, njengeziphuzo zamandla kagesi (okungaphezu kwamapayipi amabili angeke ahlolwe). Kuloluhlu nokuhlafuna i-gum, okuyinto abaphuphayo abahlanza kanye nabahlanzi emazweni amaningi - ngokushesha bahlukana. Akunamathele phezulu futhi ahlanzwa kalula ngamanzi.
6. Indlela yokunciphisa ukudla
Ososayensi baye benza ucwaningo oluningi ukuze bathole ukuthi i-chewing gum iyasiza ukunciphisa ukudla. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi le nqubo ivuselela ukuphelelwa kwezinzwa, futhi idlulisela isignali mayelana nesifo sokuphefumula ebuchosheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukufuna i-gum kuyasheshisa umthamo we-metabolism ngama-20%.
Ukuphefumula kweFreshens?
Abaningi bathenga i-chewing gum njengendlela yokuvuselela, kodwa empeleni akusizi ukukhipha umoya omubi. Izivivinyo zibonise ukuthi ibhande elincani linikeza umphumela wesikhashana nje, ngakho-ke cishe akusize.
8. I-Prophylaxis ye-caries
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukufuna i-chewing gum kuyingozi emazinyo, kodwa empeleni kungasetshenziswa njengesisindo sokuvimbela. Lesi sifo senza izidakamizwa zokudla ezivalwe emazinyo. Bangakwazi ukususa hhayi kuphela igamu, kodwa futhi nesamba esikhulu samathe, okukhishwa ngokujulile ngesikhathi sokufuna. Uma inkinga isivele ikhona, ke le ndlela ngeke isebenze.
9. Kuyingozi yini ukugwinya?
Enye yezindaba ezivame ukwesaba kakhulu abazali abazitshela izingane zabo - awukwazi ukugwinya i-gom, ngoba ihlala emgodini wokugaya iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi benqabe lolu lwazi, befakazela ukuthi i-chewing gum idlula emathunjini, ingaqedi futhi ingahlali.
10. Isikhathi esihle sokuhlafuna
Ku-gum akulimazi, ukuhlafuna emva kokudla futhi kungapheli imizuzu engamahlanu. Kubonakala ukuthi uma lesi simiso singacatshangelwa, ukuhlafuna isikhathi eside kuzodala ukufihla okukhulu kwemali kanye nesiphuzo esiswini, okuthi, lapho ulayishwa esiswini esingenalutho, uqala ukuzidla. Konke lokhu kwandisa ingozi yezilonda nezidumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlafuna isikhathi eside kunomphumela wokulimaza amabhuloho, umqhele namasongo.
11. Okubi kakhulu ngenkumbulo
Ochwepheshe bezengqondo baseNgilandi benze ucwaningo futhi bathola ukuthi ukuhlafuna i-gum kubangela inkumbulo yesikhashana, esetshenziselwa ukujwayela okwesikhashana. Uma umuntu eshintsha ukufuna ukuhlafuna, ihlukana kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisi i-chewing gum ezimweni lapho ukuhlushwa kubalulekile.
12. Isisindo se-Chewing Gum
Namuhla ukukhiqizwa cishe yonke imikhiqizo, kuhlanganise nokufuna i-chewing gum, kuzenzakalelayo. Ilungiselelwa ngefomula eyodwa usebenzisa izithako ezahlukene: i-rubber engu-20%, ushukela we-granulated ka-60% noma isabelo, i-19% isiraphu ye-corn kanye ne-1% ukunambitheka.
13. Inambitheka ethandwa kakhulu
Ububanzi be-flavour of chewing gum bukhulu, futhi buvame ukugcwaliswa. Ngokusho kokuhlola kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezokuthengisa, kwakungenzeka ukuthi ukuthi ethandwa kakhulu yi-gum nokunambitheka kweminti, i-eucalyptus nesinamoni.
14. Isihlangu sokusindisa
Icala eliyingqayizivele lenzeke ngo-1911, lapho kuvela ukuqhuma okuncane "endizeni yamanzi" yensiza yendiza eyagijima eNgilandi, kodwa ingabangela inhlekelele. Ukulungisa lesi simo, ukuphuma okungalindelekile kwakhiwe - indawo yomonakalo ibhalwe uphawu lokuhlafuna i-gum, okwavumela ukufika ngokuphepha.
15. Ukufakwa kokuqala
Ngokokuqala ngqa ukupakisha i-chewing gum yaqala ukubeka ama-liners ema-30 ekhulu lekhulu lama-20. Bathiwa abadumile ngaleso sikhathi, abadlali, futhi ngesikhathi - futhi babonise izinkanyezi zebhizinisi. Inkampani yabo uHamilton Chewing Gum Ltd. ikhishwe. Abantu abanjenga lokhu emisha kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-liners asetshenziswe njalo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu baqala ukuwaqoqa. Manje amakhophi angavamile athengiswa endalini, futhi intengo yabo ifinyelela ku-€ 1 000.
16. I-chain of candy wrappers
Kukhona irekhodi elihlanganisiwe hhayi nge-band elastic, kodwa ngama-candy wrappers. Kulezi, ukhenketho olude kakhulu lwenziwa eMelika. Uyidalile nguGary Dulchem. Ubude bayo bube ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-27, kanti umsebenzi wasetshenziselwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ze-candy wrappers. Akazange ayeke emphumela owawutholile futhi uyaqhubeka nokwandisa ubude bezinketho.
17. Umthamo omkhulu we-chewing gum
Kunzima ukucabanga le miqulu, kodwa njalo ngonyaka cishe amathani angama-100 wokuhlafuna ama-gum athengwa emhlabeni jikelele.
18. Huge Bubbles
Abantu abaqala ukubhoboza amabhulabhamu baqala ukugxila ngemuva kwenkampani edumile "i-Dubble Bubble" ebambe umncintiswano wethelevishini. Umsebenzi wabahlanganyeli ukukopela ibhola elikhulu elivela ku-gum gum. Irekhodi, elirekhodiwe yi-studio "ABC" e-US, laliyi-58.5 cm. I-American Susan Montgomery yakwazi ukuthatha ibhola elinjalo.
19. Ukukhanga okungavamile
E-California, phakathi kwabakhileyo nezakhamuzi, udonga lwezinsini zokufuna, lapho wonke umuntu angashiya khona uphawu, uyathandwa. Amazinyane okuhlafuna afakwe ezinqabeni eziningana, ekwakheni ukwakheka okungavamile. Lesi sakhiwo sezakhiwo sasingelula ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba sasifakiwe ukuze abantu bangcolise umgwaqo ohlangothini ngamaqoqo anwebekayo, okunzima kakhulu ukuwahlanza. Kunesakhiwo esifanayo eS Seattle, lapho izindonga zeThemater Market zihlanganiswa khona ngokuhlafuna i-gum.
20. I-gum gum ivaliwe
Lapho ukucekelwa phansi kwabantu abasha kwanda ngenxa yokuqhuma komnotho eSingapore, ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, abasebenzi bezombuso babhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu ekuqedeni imigwaqo yomuzi, izikhukhula nezinye izindawo ezivela ekuhlaleni i-gum. Ngo-1983, uNdunankulu uhlongoze ukuvimbela i-chewing gum, kodwa ngokusemthethweni ukuvinjelwa kwalethwa kuphela ngo-1992. Amaphoyisa ajezisa wonke umuntu okhupha i-band elastic or candy wrappers ezindaweni zomphakathi.
Ukungeniswa kwalo mkhiqizo kuye kwancipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yokucindezelwa okuvela eMelika ngo-2004, uHulumeni waseSingapore wenza isivumelwano futhi wavumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-chewing gum ngezinhloso zokwelapha. Abavakashele abakwazi ukuletha kuleli zwe ngaphezu kwamaphakethe amabili okuhlafuna, kungenjalo bangabanjwa ekuthumeni.