Ukuzalwa kwengane okunye okuphambene nokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kuhlale kuyisizi nokukhathazeka okukhulu kubazali. Ngenhlanhla, imithi yesimanje inamandla okubona ukukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa komntwana ngisho naseziqenini zokuqala, okunikeza ithuba lokwenza isinqumo esifanele nesilinganiselayo ngokuqhubeka kokubeletha.
Izimbangela zokukhubazeka kwezingane
Kukhona uhlu olukhulu lwezici ezenza kube khona izenzakalo ezingavamile ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane ngaphakathi kwesibeletho. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukufa noma ukutholakala kokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo;
- i-radiation ionizing;
- Ukukhubazeka kwe-fetal kungabangela ukutheleleka;
- imithi eqinile;
- imikhuba emibi yabazali;
- umsebenzi ohambisana nezinto ezinobuthi noma zamakhemikhali, nokunye okunjalo.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ngisho nomndeni ophilile futhi ocebile ungakwazi ukubona ngokugcwele ukulimala kokubeletha komntwana. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithwalo yemfanelo ngokucophelela ekuhleleni kokukhulelwa kanye nesikhathi esifanele sokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okudingekayo.
Ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga ze-fetus
Ukuhlola owesifazane okhulelwe ukuba khona kwezinto ezingavamile ebusweni kubonakala ngezigaba eziningana futhi kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, uma owesifazane ngenxa yanoma yiziphi izizathu ewela eqenjini eliyingozi, khona-ke emavikini angu-11-13 kufanele adlulisele izifundo ukuze abone ukukhubazeka kwentuthuko ye-fetus. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwegazi.
Esigabeni sesibili, esiwela emavikini angu-16-18, kuyadingeka ukudlulisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kathathu ngesikhathi ukhulelwe emathunjini okuthuthukiswa, imiphumela ephikisiwe noma eqinisekisiwe yi-ultrasound. Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuba khona kwamakaki akhethekile angabonisa ukuba khona kwezinqubo ezingavamile ekuthuthukiseni ingane ngaphakathi kwesibeletho.
Yonke idatha etholakale ngenxa yokuzimisela kokukhubazeka kwe-fetal iqhutshwa ngokucophelela futhi iqhathaniswa nabachwepheshe abasebenzisa izinhlelo zekhompyutha. Kodwa ukuxilongwa okucacile kusekwe kuphela ekulethwe kwezingcwaningo ezengeziwe. Iningi lezinsana ze-fetus ezinamazinyo ezibelethayo zihloswe ngendlela ye-chorion biopsy, uphenyo lwe-amniotic fluid kanye negazi kusukela emthonjeni womntwana.
Izimo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ezingavamile zokukhula kwe-intrauterine yengane
Isifo senhliziyo emntwaneni uyisakhiwo esingavamile senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, okubekiwe okwenzeka kakade emavikini angu-2-8 okukhulelwa. Noma yimuphi umama angabhekana nalesi simo, kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma indlela yokuphila.
Kodwa izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zesifo senhliziyo emntwaneni ngu:
- ukufeza;
- imvelo embi;
- ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemithi kumama noma kumntwana;
- Isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-fetus singabangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa kotshwala, i-nicotine noma izidakamizwa.
Lesi sifo singasungulwa kokubili esigabeni sokubeletha, futhi emva kwesikhashana ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo emntwaneni zihlolwe ngokuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngomshini we-ultrasound futhi kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngokuhlaziywa. Yiqiniso, ngokucacile izimpawu zokukhubazeka kwemisipha yomzimba zibonakala ngemuva kokuzalwa komntwana, lapho udokotela ebona i-cyanosis noma i-pallor yesikhumba, i-dyspnea, ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa, ubuhlungu enhliziyweni yengane, njalonjalo.
Kuvame ukutholakala naseziphambekweni zamaphaphu we-fetus, okungabonakala njengokuntuleka kwe-bronchus eyinhloko kanye nephunga elilodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye zonke zesistimu yokuphefumula, ukwelula eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwe-lobes njalonjalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukutholakala kwezinkinga ze-fetus kwi- ultrasound yabesifazane abakhulelwe kunolwazi olungaphezu kokuqinisekisa, ngoba idivayisi ikwazi ukusungula ukwephulwa okuyinhloko ekukhuleni kwengane.