I-Taj Mahal iyisikhumbuzo esivelele sezakhiwo kanye nenye yezikhangayo eziyinhloko eNdiya kusukela esikhathini se-Great Mogul. I-Taj yakhiwe njenge-mausoleum yomkakhe othandekayo ka-Shah-Jahan - uMamtaz-Mahal, owashona ngesikhathi sokubeletha. U-Shah Jahal ngokwakhe wabe esengcwatshwa eTaj Mahal. Igama elithi Taj Mahal lihunyushwa ngokuthi "Ithempeli Elikhulu Kunazo Zonke": iTaj isenguqukweni - umqhele, i-mahal - isigodlo.
Taj Mahal - umlando wendalo
Umlando wokudalwa kwezinto ezikhangayo eziyinhloko eNdiya kwaqala ngo-1630. I-Taj Mahal yakhiwa emfuleni weRamna River, eningizimu yedolobha lase-Agra. Izakhiwo zeTaj Mahal zihlanganisa:
- minarets;
- i-Mosque;
- jawab;
- Isango elikhulu.
Abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-20 000 nabadwebi benza umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kweTaj. Isakhiwo sahlala iminyaka eyishumi nambili. I-mausoleum-mosque ihlanganisa amaPheresiya, amaNdiya, izakhiwo zobuciko zobuSulumane. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo esiphezulu amahlanu kunamamitha angama-74, emaceleni ekwakhiweni kwe-minarets amane. I-minarets ifakwe eceleni ukuze kuthi, lapho ibhujiswa, ayilimazi ithuna le-shah nomkakhe.
I-mausoleum izungezwe ingadi enhle enomthombo kanye nedamu lokubhukuda lapho kubonakala khona isakhiwo sonke. I-mausoleum yaseTaj Mahal, esedolobheni lase-Agra, idume ngokugxila kwe-optical: uma ubuyela emuva ekuphumeni, isakhiwo sibonakala sikhulu uma siqhathaniswa nezihlahla ezungezile. Isikhungo senkimbinkimbi yindawo yokungcwaba. Yisakhiwo esivumelana nesigqoko, esakhiwe esiqhingini sesigcawu futhi sigqoke i-dome enkulu. Ukuphakama kwedome elikhulu, ekwakhiwe ngesimo se-ampu, kuyamangalisa - amamitha angu-35. Eziqongweni zendlu kukhona izibalo zendabuko zasePheresiya.
Yenzani iTaj Mahal?
Isisekelo sasiqukethe imithombo egcwala ngetshe. Izinto zokwakha zazihanjiswe endaweni engamakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu ngosizo lwezinkunzi nezinqola. Amanzi akhishwa emfuleni yi-cable-bucket system. Kusukela emgodini omkhulu, amanzi afika egumbini lokusabalalisa, kusukela lapho lanikelwa khona endaweni yokwakha ngamapayipi amathathu. Izindleko zokwakha zazingama-rupees angu-32 wezigidi.
Ukunakwa okuhlukile kufanelwe umhlobiso omuhle: imabula emhlophe ephuziweyo emhlophe ehambisana namagugu anjenge-turquoise, i-agate, i-malachite. Kuphelele, izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili zamatshe angenakuqhathaniswa namatshe ayigugu afakwe ezindongeni zamathuna. I-marble, okwakhiwa kuyo i-mausoleum, yabuyiselwa emakhilomitha angu-300 ukusuka edolobheni. Ngesikhathi semini izindonga zomkhosi wamaSulumane zibukeka zimhlophe, ebusuku - ukuthula, futhi ekushoneni kwelanga - pink.
Ukwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal kwaba khona abafundisi abavela eNdiya kuphela, kodwa futhi bevela eCentral Asia, eMiddle East, ePersia. Umklami wesakhiwo esikhulu u-Ismail Afandi waseMbusweni wase-Ottoman. Kukhona inganekwane okuthiwa ngakwesinye ibhange lomfula iJamna lapho kufanele ibe ikhophi yeTaj, kodwa yodwa imabula emnyama. Isakhiwo sasingakapheli. Ngesiqephu se-1.2 hectares sithathe indawo, savusa isayithi ngamamitha angu-50 ngaphezu komfula.
Taj Mahal - amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ngokwesigwebo, ngemuva kokudutshulwa kwendodana yakhe u-Shah Jahan wancoma uTaj Mahal kusuka emafasiteleni ejele lakhe. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo yilokho ithuna likaHumayun eDelhi, elifana neTaj Mahal, lifana kakhulu neTaj Mahal njengombonakaliso wendaba enkulu yothando phakathi kwabashadile. Futhi igumbi lokungcwaba eDelhi lakhiwa ekuqaleni, futhi u-Shah Jahan wasebenzisa isipiliyoni sokwakha ithuna likaMughal umbusi ngesikhathi esakhiwe. Kukhona ikhophi encane yeTaj Mahal esedolobheni lase-Agra. Kuyinto ithuna lika-Itimad-Ud-Daul, elakhiwe ngo-1628.
Kusukela ngo-1983, i-Taj Mahal iyindawo yokuhlala yamagugu e-UNESCO. Ngokwenhlolovo eyenziwa ngo-2007, iTaj Mahal yangena ohlwini lweZimangaliso Eziyisikhombisa Zomhlaba.
Njengamanje, kunenkinga yokungena emfuleni iJamna, ngenxa yokuthi i-mausoleum ihlala futhi idilika kanjani ezindongeni zakhiwa. Futhi, ngenxa yomoya ongcolisiwe, izindonga zikaTaj, ezidume ngokukhanya kwazo, ziphenduka ophuzi. Isakhiwo sihlanzwa ngobumba obukhethekile.
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