Inqubo yemvelo yokulethwa kunzima futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayinakulinganiswa. Ngokuvamile kunezimo lapho ukulondolozwa khona kwempilo yengane nomama kufanele kube ngokushesha ukugcwalisa ukuzalwa. Kulolu cala, isazi sezinkinga zesifo sokuzivikela esinqumayo sithatha isinqumo ngokuphuthumayo mayelana nokufakwa kwezigqoko ezinamandla.
Amandla we-Obstetric - umlando omncane
Ngesikhathi sokuqala izikhwepha ze-obstetric zadalwa nguP. Chamberlain, owagcina imfihlo yensimbi futhi isetshenziselwa ukucebisa umuntu.
Umphakathi kwakuyi-forceps, okwakhiwa okwesibili eminyakeni engu-125 kamuva udokotela ohlinzayo uPalfin. Kwakuvela kulo mzuzu (1723) ukuthi izimbambo ze-obstetric zaqala ukusetshenziselwa futhi zithuthukiswa kuqala emazweni aseYurophu, bese-ke eRussia nakwezinye izifundazwe zaseSoviet.
Kuze kufike isikhathi lapho ukuhlinzekwa kwesigaba se-cearean kungena khona umkhuba wokuvimbela, izikhwepha ze-obstetric yizona zindlela kuphela zokuphila kwabaningi nabesifazane ekubelethweni, okufaka phakathi.
Amandla okuzithiba - izinhlobo nezinqubo zesicelo
Kuze kube manje, sekuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-600 zezinsimbi ezithintekayo ezithintekayo esimweni sabo nasesimweni sesicelo.
Kuye indawo yekhanda le-fetal, i-forceps ihlukaniswa:
- Ukukhishwa kwamandla okuvimbela okuvelayo (okuvamile) - okuvezwe ekhanda, ingxenye enkulu ekhona endizeni yokuphuma kwe-pelvis encane. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezithintekayo ezithintekayo kungavamile ukuba kwenziwe, ngoba kule nhloko yekhanda eyodwa ingasakaza nge-episiotomy.
- Amandla amakhulu okuvimbela amagciwane (atypical) ayadingeka uma ikhanda litholakala ngokuqondile emgodleni wesifuba esincane.
- Amandla amakhulu okuvimbela izimbungulu ayenziwa ngaphambili lapho ikhanda lalingena emnyango we-pelvis encane. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-forceps ephakeme kuyinkqubo eyingozi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, okuholela ekucindezelweni okukhudlwana kokuzalwa, yingakho okwamanje kuvinjelwe.
Njengomthetho, izinhlobonhlobo zakudala ze-forceps ziqukethe izinkezo ezimbili ezilinganiselwe, ukukhiya nesibambo.
Ngokwezinga lokuhamba kwe-lock - into exhuma, i-obstetric forceps ingahlukaniswa ngokuthi:
- IsiRussia (inqaba iselula);
- IsiJalimane (indawo enqabeni isondela cishe);
- IsiNgisi (ukuhamba ngokulinganisela);
- IsiFulentshi (indawo eqondile).
Ezweni lakithi, isiShayina esinamandla kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu eSimpson ekuguqulweni kwe-obstetrician Phenomenov, enegama elifanayo elithi Simpson-Phenomenov. Lo modeli uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - izinkezo ezinesokudla nezingakwesokunxele, ezinama-curvatures amabili (ikhanda ne-pelvic), ukukhiya okuhambayo, isibambo se-ribbed ne-Bush hooks yokulungisa izandla. Isisindo samandla angu-500 amagremu, ubude buba ngu-35 cm. Izimiso zokugqoka izingqinamba ezithintekayo zixhomeke kwizici zensimbi, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthi ngabe umkhiqizo noma umdwebo womkhiqizo.
Amandla okuvimbela ama-obstetric - ubufakazi nemiphumela
Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-forceps ziyi:
- izifo zesimiso senhliziyo, izinso, inhliziyo yowesifazane ayihambisani nomthwalo wemisebenzi;
- umsebenzi obuthakathaka womsebenzi;
- hypoxia e-fetal ekhululekile ;
- ukuphefumula kwezintambo zezintambo;
- inqola engaphambi kwesikhathi ye-placenta nabanye abaningi, ngokuqaphela udokotela.
Futhi ngenqubo yilezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- i-fetus esebenzayo;
- ukudalulwa okugcwele;
- ukuhambisana nokulinganisa kwekhanda nekhanda;
- ukungabikho kwesambiso sesisu.
Ngaphandle kwezici ezingenhla, kudingekile ukuphawula ukuthi inqubo yokufaka imishini yokuvimbela izithiyo ingeyinkimbinkimbi, futhi akuwona wonke ochwepheshe abanamakhono okuphelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga zingenzeka, kokubili ngengxenye yomama nengane. Okuthiwa:
- ukuhlukumeza komsele wokuzalwa, ukukhulelwa komlomo wesibeletho , futhi ngezinye izikhathi isibeletho ngokwawo;
- ukuhlukumezeka kuya ekhanda nesifunda somlomo wesibeletho;
- i-paresis ye-nerve facial;
- i-hematomas;
- ukulimaza ebuchosheni nabanye abaningi.