Imindeni eminingi enesakhiwo encane yomhlaba ikhetha ukutshala imifino, isibonelo, ukhukhamba. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba ujabulele izithelo ezihlanzekile ngokwemvelo phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, ukwenza ama-pickles nama-sunsets ebusika. Noma kunjalo, ukutshala lezi zitshalo ezibonakala zingenakuzithoba kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezithile. Abalimi abaningi bakhononda ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga aphuzi emakhukhamba. Isizathu salesi senzakalo asiziwa abaningi - mhlawumbe isifo noma ukungabi nalutho. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani amaqabunga ekhukhamba aphuzi futhi angayibhekana kanjani nayo.
Emaqabunga amakhukhamba amabala aphuzi: izimbangela
- Ngokuvamile, izilonda zamagqabi alo mifino enhle zihlotshaniswa nezimo nezifo ezingavumelekile zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukutheleleka okunjalo okubangelwa i-fungal njengoba i- anthracnose ibonakala ngokubonakala kwezindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokukhanyayo kwiziqu kanye namacembe ekhukhamba. Ngokuvamile, kubangelwa ukugwedla ngokweqile kwomoya, okuyinto evamile ukushisa okushisa okukhulayo kwemifino yamanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zindawo ziba izilonda ezigcwele i-mucus ebomvana.
- Isizathu sokuthi amaqabunga amakhukhamba ashisa ophuzi, kungenzeka kube nesinye isifo - i- ascochitis . Lokhu futhi kungukutheleleka kwefungal, okungasolwa ngokuthi amaqabunga amakhukhamba azungeze emaphethelweni aphuzi, kanti futhi kukhona izindawo eziluhlaza ezibomvu nezikhanyayo ezimbozwe amachashazi amnyama - izinhlayiya ze-sporiferous ze-fungus. Ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kubonakala kuqala emagqumeni aphansi esitshalo sesitshalo. Khona-ke amakhukhamba aphendulela amaqabunga aphuzi aphuzi - obuthakathaka futhi obuncane. I-askohitosis isakazeka ngokushesha phezu kwemifino, izithelo zithinteka futhi: isiqu siphenduka ngokuphuzi, bese-ke umntfwana uqobo uphela futhi ubumnyama.
- Kukhona nesifo samakhukhamba lapho amaqabunga ephuzi: amabala avela phezulu kweqabunga phakathi kwemithanjeni, ohlangothini oluphansi luhlanganiswe ne-grey-lilac-spores-spores ye-fusus-causative agent ye- peronosporosis , noma i-downy isikhutha. Njengoba ukutheleleka kukhula, lezi zinhlayiya zamafutha ziba nsundu, izicubu ezinamaqabunga ezithintekile ziyawela futhi isitshalo sife.
- Isizathu sokuthi isithombo sekhakhamba amaqabunga aphuzi, kungenzeka kube nomsakazo - isifo segciwane. Ngokuvamile kuvela emaqabunga ezitshalo ezincane ngendlela yamabala amhlophe nephuzi kwifomu le-stellate.
- Umlenze omnyama uyisifo se-mushroom sesitshalo. Okuthintekayo ekuqaleni kuba yisimiso sempande, bese ikhukhamba iphenduka amaqabunga e-yellow cotyledonous (owokuqala), intamo impande iba nsundu. Izifo ziyingozi ngoba ngokuvamile ziholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi.
- Ukuhlehliswa kweqabunga lamaqabunga ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekuntulekeni kwe-potassium . Uma emaqabunga amacembe aphuzi amahlamvu emkhatsini wezimvini abe, ngakho-ke ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium .
Kuthiwani uma kunamabala aphuzi kumaqabunga amakhukhamba?
Uma i-anthracnose itholakala, zonke izitshalo ezithintekayo kufanele zisuswe ukuze zivimbele ukungcola kokutshala konke. Uma ngabe kunezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, udinga ukhiphela ikhukhamba okuthiwa i-%% ye-Bordeaux ingxube - isisombululo se-copper sulfate ne-lime (100 g yesisindo ngasinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
Nge-askohitosis, kunconywa ukuthi usule izingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo ngenhlanganisela eyomile ye-lime nomlotha, kanye nokupuniza
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala ze-downy mildew, i-cucumber plantings ingelashwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, ithatha u-2 g wezinto eziwodwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ngezilonda ezinzima, amafungicides akhethiwe ayadingeka ukuze alwe nesifo.
Uma izitshalo zithinteka umlenze omnyama, kuzodingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
Lapho ama-mosaics ebonakala, izinyathelo eziyinhloko zinciphisa ekubhujisweni kwezitshalo ezithintekayo ngabanye kanye nokwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngesisombululo se-formalin esingu-5%.