Mayelana namaprotheni, njengento eyisisekelo yokudla kwabantu, waqala ukukhuluma ngekhulu le-XIX. Ngaleso sikhathi, babizwa ngokuthi "amaprotheni" - kusukela kulesiGreki "protos", okusho ukuthi "kuqala". Ama-protein ayinhloko "yokuqala" ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu.
Siyazi ukuthi yonke impilo yakhiwa kusuka amaprotheni. Kodwa iphrotheni ngokwayo yakhiwe ngamamino acid. Amaphrotheni nama-amino acids ahlobene, njengamazwi nezinhlamvu. Ama-proteine ayi-polymers, ama- amino acids angama-monomers. Ikhwalithi yeprotheni inqunywa ngokubunjwa kwayo kwe-amino acid, ikhwalithi ye-amino acid ikhono layo lokuba yingxenye yeprotheyini.
Ama-amino acids, ayingxenye yeprotheni yama-20 kuphela, emvelweni kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-600. Lawa ma-amino acids angu-20 enza izigidi zamaprotheni ahlukene ahlukene ngekhwalithi nomphumela. Njengamazwi, kubalulekile hhayi ukuthi yiziphi izincwadi ngaphakathi kwazo, kodwa ngukuphi okulandelwayo kulezi zincwadi, futhi uma kwenzeka kunamaprotheni: ungahlangabezana nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamaprotheni ezinomumo ofanayo we-amino acid, kodwa ukuhlelwa kwamalungiselelo ama-amino acid kuzohluka.
Ama-amino acids angasetshenziswa futhi abalulekile
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, kunama-amino acid angu-20 akha amaprotheni. Zihlukaniswe zibe yinto engashintshashintshayo, engenakunyakaziswa futhi engaguquguquki ngokomzimba. Ama-amino acidable angama-amines ayisishiyagalombili, esingenakukwazi ukuzakhela wona ngokwethu, ngakho-ke kufanele uwadle ngokudla. Emhlabeni, izitshalo kuphela ezikwazi ukuhlanganisa zonke amino acid ngokwabo, bonke abanye kufanele babheke ekudleni.
Singakwazi ukwenza izinto ezingu-12 zama-amino acid ngokwethu. Zakhiwa kusuka kwamanye amino acid, njengoba kudingeka. Yiqiniso, ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, akufanele sibe nephutha lama-amines angenakulungiswa. Izimo eziguquguqukayo ziyi-amino acids, esiyingxenye yokwenza izinto, ukugcwalisa kancane ukudla. Ngezifo noma izifo, ukuphulwa komsebenzi umsebenzi we-GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT inqubo yokuyeka okwesikhashana.
Uma ukudla kudliwe, amaprotheni ahlanganiswa kusuka kuma-amino acids (umzimba ukhetha lokho okudingeka usebenzise ama-amine okwamanje), uma kungekho sidingo salokhu ku-amino acid, sephuze esibindi kuze kufike imfuneko yokuqala.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaprotheni ngama-amino acids
Kuze kube manje, ayikho isigaba esithile esihlanganisiwe samaprotheni, ngokuyinhloko ngoba indima yabo ayingaqondakali ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bathambekele ekwenzeni ukwehlukaniswa kwamaprotheni, ngokusekelwe kuma-amino acids ekubunjweni kwawo. Okusho ukuthi, i-classification classification ekhuluma ngokubaluleka kwamaprotheni - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqukethe ama-amino acids abalulekile noma cha.
Inqubo yamaprotheni okwakhiwa emzimbeni wethu kanje:
1. Sidla amaprotheni (isilwane noma imifino).
2. Ngosizo lwejusi esiswini kanye nama-enzyme e-pancreatic, siwahlukanisa sibe ama-amino acids.
3. Ama-amino acids emathunjini afakwa egazini futhi asakazwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenyama:
- Kulezi, amaprotheni (kakade "umuntu") angenziwa ngokushesha, isibonelo, i- hemoglobin , ama-enzyme;
- enye i-amino acid ingadalwa, okwamanje inesithakazelo emzimbeni;
- noma uma kungekho sidingo sama-amino acid ukudala amaprotheni, owokuqala uzogcinwa esibindi, ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke lesi sidingo.
Ukweqile nokuntuleka kwama-amino acid kanye namaprotheni
Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni zihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-amino acid namaprotheni. Isizathu salokhu silambile, ukudla okungalingani (isibonelo, ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho ukungabi khona kwamaprotheni ekudleni kuyinto evamile), noma ukwephulwa emzimbeni, lapho amaprotheni angagciniwe khona, noma amaprotheni akakhiwa amino acid. Ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kunazo zonke zokuntuleka kwamaprotheni yilokhu:
- ukukhula ngokwanele nokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo;
- i-anemia;
- ukuntuleka kwama-enzyme yokugaya ukudla;
- ukunciphisa umzimba.
Noma kunjalo, amaprotheni okweqile ayamnandi emzimbeni. Lokhu kuholela ezifweni ezilandelayo:
- umdlavuza;
- i-arthritis;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- izifo zenhliziyo.