Ukuphuka okuvulekile kwenzeka lapho ithambo lingamelani nokusebenza okusebenzayo futhi lihlukumeza ngezicubu ezithambile. Kuncike ekutheni ukukhubazeka kuncike ekutheni ukwelashwa, isikhathi sokubuyiselwa, futhi-ke, ukubikezela: ngabe ingxenye emelekile yomzimba ingakwazi ukuphola futhi isebenze ngendlela evamile, njengangaphambili.
Izimpawu zokuphulwa okuvulekile
Izimpawu zokuphulwa okuvulekile zibonakala ngokushesha, ngokungafani nesilonda esivaliwe, lapho kutholakala khona ukuhlonza okufanelekile ukuze kwenziwe i-x-ray. Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-tissue avulekile avulekile futhi ahambisana nokuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, okumele kumiswe ngokushesha. Yiqiniso, ukuphuka okuvulekile kuhambisane nobuhlungu nokunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwengxenye ewonakele.
Ukuphuka okuvulekile kwenzeka lapho iphukile ithambo ngokwayo lilimaza izicubu ezithambile ezivela ngaphakathi noma ngenxa yethonya lomshini ovela ngaphandle (uma kwenzeka ingozi noma isilwane singena endaweni yokuhamba emsebenzini).
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokuphuka kwamathambo avulekile:
- umthelela wangaphambilini waleso sigaba somzimba lapho kubonakala khona ukuphulwa okuvulekile;
- ukuphuma kwegazi;
- ubuhlungu;
- ukubonakala kwethambo elimele;
- ukucindezela okukhulu okucindezelayo;
- isimo sokushaqeka kwesisulu (ukushaqeka okudabukisayo uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwamathambo amakhulu).
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemifantu evulekile
Okokuqala, zihlukaniswa ngenxa yokulimala kwezicubu ezithambile:
- okuyisisekelo - uma izicubu zonakaliswa ngenxa yethonya lemvelo yangaphandle;
- secondary - lapho izicubu zonakaliswa izingcezu zamathambo ezivela ngaphakathi.
Khona-ke izinhlobo zezinhlaka ezivulekile zihlukaniswa ngokusho kwemvelo yokubhujiswa kwamathambo:
- i-transverse;
- i-oblique;
- isikhathi eside;
- i-helical.
Ngokusho kwezinga elithi "ukuqhudelana", ukuhlukana kuyahlukaniswa:
- i-coarse-lipped;
- multi-lobed.
Ngokusho kwesithambo:
- ukuvuvukala okuvulekile ngokufuduka (kungahle kwenzeke kokubili ngenxa yokulimala ngokwayo, nangenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwemisipha emva kwayo);
- Vula ukuhlukana ngaphandle kokungabi nalutho.
Usizo lokuqala nge-fracture evulekile
Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezinhlaka ezivuliwe ikakhulukazi ekuguleni iziguli ezitheni.
Uma kubambezelekile, kuyadingeka ukubeka isiguli embhede nge-headboard ephakanyiswe kancane, uma kukhona ukuphuma okukhulu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-tourniquet ngenhla kwesayithi lokuqhekeka bese uphilisa isilonda. uma kungenjalo, ukutheleleka kungenzeka. Indawo emelekile kufanele ishiywe yedwa kuze kube sekufika isazi. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-hemostatic plait kufanele ishiywe isikhathi eside (ngaphezulu kwamahora ama-1.5), ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekutheleleni kwe-anaerobic.
Ukwelashwa kokuphulwa okuvulekile
Okokuqala, isilonda siphathwa nge-antiseptic, igazi livinjelwe nge-bandage yokucindezelwa, bese kusetshenziswa ibhasi lokuthutha. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, amathambo futhi asuse iziqephu zawo ekuqhekekeni okuvuliwe okuvulekile ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa. Isondo libekwe ukuze lilungise amalunga aseduze endaweni yokulimala.
I-anesthesia, isayithi lokuqhekeka ngokujova izidakamizwa kwisayithi lokuqhekeka akusifisi, ngoba izophuma phakathi kwilonda.
Uma kwenzeka ukushaqeka okukhulu, benza ama-droppers ngamanzi aphikisayo,
Lapho isisulu sitholwa esibhedlela emnyangweni wokuhlinza, odokotela bahlola isimo sakhe (ukushaywa umoya nokucindezelwa), ukwenza i-radiography futhi, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma yendawo, susa izinto ezingaphezu kwalokho: izingcezu zethambo, izidumbu zangaphandle, izicubu ezingenakuvikelwa, bese ugeza isilonda ngemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nezinambuzane. Uma kunesidingo, isilonda sutured, futhi emva kwalokho, i-gypsum isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amathambo.
Ngemuva kokuba isimo sesiguli siyanelisa, i-gypsum isuswe futhi i-physiotherapy nezinqubo ze-physiotherapy zibekiwe.