Ngisho ebhentshini yesikole, sikhumbula ukuthi iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lomhlaba wethu u-Everest. Ake sithole ukuthi yikuphi leli phuzu lezintaba elitholakala khona, futhi yiziphi amaqiniso athakazelisayo axhumene nayo.
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Uphi inkulumo ye-Everest?
I-Mount Everest, noma, njengoba kuthiwa ngenye indlela, i-Jomolungma ingenye yeziqongo zezintaba ze-Himalaya . Akunakwenzeka ukubizwa ngokuqondile izwe lapho iNtaba i-Everest ikhona khona, ngoba itholakala emngceleni weNepal neChina. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphakama kwalo okuphakeme kakhulu kusekhona kweChina, noma ngokuqondile - esifundeni saseTibet Autonomous . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthambeka ophakeme kakhulu wentaba ungeningizimu, kanti u-Everest ngokwayo unesimo sephiramidi esinobuso obuthathu.
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U-Everest wabizwa ngokuthi udumo lomNgisi, owafaka isandla esikhulu ekufundeni i-geodesy kule ndawo. Igama lesibili - i-Jomolungma - intaba etholakele kusukela enkulumweni yaseTibet "qomo ma lung", okusho ukuthi "umama kaNkulunkulu wokuphila". Ingqikithi enkulu kunazo zonke yomhlaba inegama lesithathu - iSagarmatha, elihunyushwe ngolimi lwamaNepal - "Umama Wezithombe". Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zakwaTibet naseNepal zasendulo zazibheke njengemvelaphi yentaba enjalo hhayi nje kuphela ukubonakaliswa kobuNkulunkulu obuphakeme.
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Ngokuqondene nokuphakama kweNtaba i-Everest, kuwu-8848 m - yilokho okusemthethweni okuqondisa ukuphakama kwalentaba ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Iphinde ifaka ama-glacial deposits, kuyilapho ukuphakama kwedwala elineqhwa eliqinile lifinyelela kancane kancane - 8844 m.
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Owokuqala ukunqoba lokhu kuphakama kwaba ngumhlali waseNew Zealand E. Hillary noSherp (ohlala endaweni ezungeze iJomolungma eNepal) uT. Norgay ngo-1953. Ngemuva kwaloko, amarekhodi amaningi okukhuphuka ku-Everest ahlelwe: umzila onzima kakhulu, ukukhuphuka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-oxygen cylinders, isikhathi esiphezulu sokuhlala phezulu, uneminyaka encane kunazo zonke (oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala) kanye nomdala endala (iminyaka engu-80) owahlula u-Everest nabanye.
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Ungafika kanjani ku-Everest?
Manje usuyazi ukuthi u-Everest ukhona kuphi. Kodwa ukuya kuso akulula njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni. Okokuqala, ukuze kufike phezulu emhlabeni, kubalulekile ngomqondo wangempela ukubhalisa emgqeni bese ulinda okungenani iminyaka eminingana. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu iyingxenye yenkambiso evela kwelinye lamafemu okuhweba akhethekile: ahlinzeka ngemishini edingekayo, isitimela futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha okuhambisana nabagibeli ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka. Zombili iziphathimandla zaseShayina naseNepalese zitholela kahle kulabo abafisa ukunqoba iNtaba Everest: ukudlula ezinyaweni zentaba futhi imvume yokukhuphuka okulandelayo kuyobiza izindleko zemali ezingaba ngu-60 000 zamaRandi!
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Ngaphandle kwemali eningi kakhulu, kuzodingeka uchithe izinyanga ezingaba ngu-2 ukuze uthole ukungenelela, ukuqeqeshwa okungenani okudingekayo nokuzivuselela. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukukhuphuka okuphephile eNtabeni i-Everest kunokwenzeka kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka: kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi kusukela ngoSepthemba kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Konke okunye konyaka endaweni lapho iNtaba i-Everest ikhona khona, kukhona okungavumelekile kakhulu izimo zezulu ze-alpinism.
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Umlando wokukhuphukela eJomolongmu uyazi izenzakalo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezimbi. Bobabili abaqalayo nabaqhubi bezindiza bafa lapho bezama ukunqoba le nhlangano. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu yisimo sezulu esinzima (phezulu kwentaba izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe -60 ° C, umoya uvunguza emoyeni), umoya ongaqabulanga kakhulu wezintaba, ama-avalanche weqhwa kanye nemigodi. Ngisho nezimo zokufa kwabantu abaningi eNtabeni i-Everest ziyaziwa. Okuyinkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi kubhekwa njengengxenye yomgwaqo ogugile kakhulu, lapho kuphela u-300 m uhlala phezulu: ubizwa ngokuthi "i-kilomita ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni".
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