Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal yisifo esibi kakhulu okungekho ofuna ukubhekana nazo, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zesifo zingakhula ngokushesha futhi zibe nemiphumela emibi.
I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo yi-meningococci, esuke isuka kumuntu kuya komuntu ngokuphindaphindiwe nge-airborne, kancane kancane ngokuxhumana (ngokusebenzisa izinto, izandla ezingasulwa, ukuphuma kwesiguli). Kuzo, izifo-mzimba ziyingozi futhi zife ngaphandle komzimba womuntu zingakapheli imizuzu engu-30. Ubungqingili bokutheleleka ukuthi i-agent causative ikhona ku-1-3% yabantu abanempilo, futhi inani labathwali bebhaktheriya lidlula inani lamacala amakhulu kaningi. Izithwala ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal ngabantu abadala, futhi amacala amaningi athinteka yizingane, kuhlanganise nezinsana.
Ukubonakaliswa kokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal ezinganeni
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-4 zalesi sifo ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene kanye nenkambo.
1. I- meningococcal nasopharyngitis iyimbonakaliso ekhethekile kakhulu yokutheleleka. Ukuqala kwalesi sifo kunempawu ezifanayo nezifo ezithinta ukuphefumula. Ingane ine-fever, inhloko ekhanda esifundeni se-fronto-parietal, ukukhishwa okuncane okuvela ekhaleni, umkhuhlane omncane kanye nokukhwehlela okungazala. Izimpawu zesifo zihamba ngokwazo futhi aziphazamisi izitho ezibalulekile. Ingozi yalesi sifo ibonakala ukuthi i-nasopharyngitis ingaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbi zesifo.
Ifomu elibi lokutheleleka lingumama we- meningococcemia , elichaphazela isikhumba, lidaka umzimba futhi lichaphazela kabi izitho zangaphakathi. Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lokutheleleka kwamantombazane ezinganeni zibandakanya: ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-39 ° C, ukuqala kwekhanda kanye nobuhlungu be-muscle, ukubambezeleka kokuvuthwa kanye nesitembu, kepha izingane ezincane zingase zibe nesitoreji esivulekile. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal yi-rash ebonakala phakathi kwamahora angu-5 kuya ku-15 kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. I-rash nge-meningococcemia ibonakala kuyo yonke indawo futhi ayanyamalala uma icindezelwe. Imfucumfucu ihluke ngendlela ye-bluish tinge ne-"star" engavamile, phakathi nendawo lapho izidakamizwa zenzeka khona ekwakheni izilonda.
3. Olunye uhlobo lwesifo yi- meningococcal meningitis , eqala ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa libe ngu-40 ° C, ukuhlanza nokukhwabanisa okukhulu. Ngalolu hlobo lwesifo, izingane zikhononda ngekhanda elingenakulinganiswa nomlingiswa othakazelisayo, okhuliswa yi-stimuli elula futhi ezwakalayo. Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal kungadalwa yizibonakaliso zezici:
- I-Regency yemisipha ye-occipital (engenakwenzeka ukungaziphenduleli ikhanda lapho ihamba phambili);
- Uphawu lwe-Kerning (isiguli esilele emhlane wakhe siyaphonsa umlenze wakhe ehlangothini olungakwesokudla kuya emadolweni nasezingxenyeni zezinyosi nokubona ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukugodla umlenze emadolweni);
- ukuguqulwa kwekhanda nokugoba okungenakusebenza kwemilenze emathangeni amadolo;
- ukubonakala kokudumala nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ezifweni ezinzima zesifo.
4. I- Meningoencephalitis ye-Meningococcal inezibonakaliso ezifanayo nge-meningococcemia futhi ifunyanwa, njengenye yokubonakaliswa kokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal, ngosizo lwezifundo ezikhethekile ze-laboratory.
Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwamadoda e-meningococcal ezinganeni
Ngokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal, kunezimo zefomu eligcwalisayo, elinemiphumela engenakuguquka ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni. Kodwa ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kuyizinto ezingavamile kakhulu, kanti ezimweni eziningi ukutholakala kwamagciwane ngesikhathi esifanele nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kunika umphumela omuhle wokwelapha. I-Nasopharyngitis iphathwa ekhaya, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zesifo zidinga ukwelapha iziguli ngama-antibiotics. Lapho kuqaliswa ukwelashwa okungakafiki, izingane zivame ukulimala ebuchosheni, ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, nokuphuza kwengqondo. Isilinganiso esiphumelele kakhulu sokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamadoda ukugoma kuyinto yokugoma.