I-Rubella ezinganeni ibhekwa njengesinye sezifo ezithathelwanayo kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi iyakwazi ukuthola izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, iningi lalabo abathola ubisi lwebele beluthola ama-antibodies okuzivikela kanye nalo, ngakho-ke bahlala bengagciwane.
Ngingawuthola kanjani i-rubella?
Lesi sifo sinesifo esiyingozi, isb. i-causative agent uhlobo oluthize lwegciwane elivela kuhlobo lwe-Rubyviruses, olumelelwa yinucleic acid ye-RNA hlobo. Ngenxa yekhanda elivikelekile kabili, lezi zinambuzane zinamanye amathonya angaphandle, zigcina ukuhlala kwamahora amaningana ekamelweni lokushisa nokubekezelela kahle umphumela wamazinga okushisa angalungile. I-Rubiviruses ifa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya le-ultraviolet nokubilisa, kanye nokucubungula:
- i-acetone;
- i-alkali;
- i-asidi;
- ama-disinfectants avamile.
Umthombo nomthombo we-agent causative yokutheleleka ngumuntu ogulayo, hhayi ukuthi ube nemibonakaliso yemitholampilo. Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-rubella siphelela ezinsukwini ezingu-12-24, futhi sonke isikhathi lesi sifo sifikelwe ukuhamba ngokutheleleka kokutheleleka, ukufihla igciwane ngokusebenzisa iphethri yokuphefumula. Umzila omkhulu wokudlulisela umzimba uhamba emoyeni, ngakho-ke amacala amaningi okutheleleka ahlobene nokutholakala kwezingane ezindaweni zokugxila okukhulu kwabantu - ezinkulisa, ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, njll.
Ngokuvamile, i-rubella igciwane lesandulela ngculazi nomuntu ogulayo, ekhulula ama-bacteria kanye nezinhlayiya zamathe ngesikhathi yengxoxo, ukukhwehlela, ukugcoba. Ikhuthaza ukusabalala okusheshayo kokutheleleka emoyeni owomile egumbini elincane. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi okuyinhloko yegciwane yi-larynx emangcwabeni, umphimbo kanye namathoni, ngakho ukuphefumula kwesisu okuvinjelwe kumntwana kuyinkinga eyengeziwe engozini. Kanti futhi, indlela yokudlulisa ngqo ngokuxhumana nama-mucous membrane (nge kisses) kungenzeka.
Enye indlela yokwedlulisa ukutheleleka yi-transplacental - intrauterine ukutheleleka kwe- fetus evela kumama ogulayo. Kulesi simo, izinsana ezinesifo sokubeletha zivikela izifo eziphilayo ngokuvikela ukuphefumula kanye nomchamo cishe iminyaka emibili, kubonisa ingozi ye-epidemiological. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-agent causative ithinta kabi ukuthuthukiswa komntwana wesisu ongakazalwa, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbi - usizo lokuzwa, isimiso senhliziyo, amehlo.
Ngingathola i-rubella emgwaqweni?
Abazali abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuthi bangabamba kanjani i-rubella yomntwana nokuthi yikuphi amathuba okuthi "ukubamba" isifo emgwaqweni. Njengoba kunikezwe amandla okuthiwa ama-rubella amagciwane emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (i-pathogen ihlehliswa ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40 ngaphansi kwelanga), akukho ithuba lokubanjwa emoyeni ovulekile, kodwa amathuba okutheleleka aqhubeka nokuxhumana okuqondile, ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvikela ukuxhumana kwengane egulayo nezinye izingane, ngisho nasemgwaqweni.
Ngingathola i-rubella uma nginomgomo wokugoma?
Ngaphansi kwethonya lomuthi wokugoma , kutholakala igciwane, elivikela ukutheleleka iminyaka eminingi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umgomo awuhlinzeki umshwalense wamaphesenti angamakhulu emgodini we-rubella, ochazwe ukusetshenziswa komuthi wokunciphisa umzimba we-pathogen, onamandla aphansi okuvuselela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi i-rubella iyatholakala ezinganeni emva kokugoma. Ukwengeza, ukutheleleka kabusha kutholakala ezinkingeni zokuzivikela ezinganeni, kuhlanganise nezifo ezinzulu.
Uma, emva kokugoma, i-rubella iqala ezinganeni, izimpawu zesifo ngokuvamile ziba mncane noma azikho (rubella engenabuhlungu). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokungena okuphindaphindiwe, ama-virus ahlala emlonyeni we-membrane yamangqamuzana okuphefumula, ngenkathi engangeni ngokungena egazini futhi engasakazeka emzimbeni.
Ngingayithola futhi i-rubella?
Enye into ebalulekile kubazali ihlobene nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukubamba i-rubella emva kokudlulela kwangaphambili. Kulesi simo, ukuzivikela okuthuthukisiwe ngemuva kokutheleleka nokulondolozwa kugxilile, futhi amathuba okuphindwa kabusha aphansi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, umuntu u-rubella ophindaphindiwe, futhi lokhu kuvame ukungabikho ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-10-15 ngemuva kwesiqephu sokuqala sesifo.
I-rubella ibonakala kanjani kubantwana - izimpawu
Ngemva kokungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa i-respiratory tract, igciwane ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lifika emlenzeni we-lymph node, futhi kusuka lapho idluliselwa kugeleza kwegazi lonke futhi lisakazwa kuwo wonke umzimba. I-pathogen igxile ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zesikhumba se-epithelium, izinambuzane zamangqamuzana, ezinqenqemeni, lapho zandisa ngokuphindaphindiwe, zibangela ukubonakaliswa kwezici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-agent esebenzayo iyakwazi ukungena ohlelweni lwesigungu sezinzwa. Cabanga ukuthi i-rubella ibonakala kanjani ezinganeni ngezikhathi ezahlukene zesifo.
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-rubella ezinganeni
Esikhathini sokuxubha kwe-rubella, isithombe somtholampilo sesifo asikho, njll. i-pathology ayizibonakali nhlobo, ayikho imbangela yezikhalazo, futhi ungafunda kuphela ngakho ngokusebenzisa ukuhlola kwegazi le-laboratory. Ngokwesilinganiso, lesi sikhathi sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-18. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi kakade kulesi sigaba sesifo ingane ephelelekile iyakwazi ukuthelela abanye, ihlukanise igciwane ngamagciwane amancane.
Isigaba sokuqala se-rubella ezinganeni
Ekupheleni kwesigaba sokukhushulwa, isikhathi se-prodromal senzeke, sisuka emahoreni amaningana kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, lapho izimpawu ze-rubella ezinganeni zifanelana nezinye izifo eziningi. Ake sibhale ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ze-rubella ezinganeni ezingase zibe khona ngalesi sigaba:
- kancane malaise;
- ukuqonda;
- ama-chills amancane;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu ekhanda;
- ukudla okumbi;
- ukubomvu komphimbo;
- Ukushushiswa emqaleni;
- ukukhwehlela;
- i-rhinitis encane, ukuminyanisa kwamanzi;
- ukuvuvukala kancane kwe-mucosa iso.
Yini i-rubella ibonakala njengabantwana?
Emva kwalokho kulandela isikhathi lapho izimpawu ze-rubella ezibonakala ezinganeni zithola ngqo, okuyinhloko zazo zilandelayo:
- ukuqhuma isikhumba;
- ukwandisa nokucindezeleka kwama- lymph nodes (i-cervical, occipital, thoracic, axillary, njll);
- izimo ze-catarrhal (ukubonakaliswa kwe-laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis);
- ukwanda okulinganisela ekushiseni komzimba;
- ngezinye izikhathi - ubuhlungu esiswini, ukwephulwa kwesitokisi.
Ukushaywa i-rubella ezinganeni kuqala kuvela ebusweni, isikhumba nesitho, kodwa kusakazeka esihlahleni isikhashana. Amasayithi okuqhamuka okukhulu komhlaba - izindawo ezihamba phambili zezinyawo nezinyawo, izikhwebu, emuva. Ezintendeni nasezinhlakeni ezinyaweni azikho ukuqhuma. Izakhi eziphethwe yi-pink, ijikelezi noma i-oval, emincane, engabonakali ngaphezu kwesikhumba. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuqhuma ngesimo sokubomvu okuqhubekayo. Izinsalela zihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-2-4, emva kwalokho ziphela ngokuphelele. Ingane isalokhu isakazeke ngesonto ngemuva kokuqala kokushona.
Indlela yokuphatha i-rubella enganeni?
Phakathi nokugula kwengane, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlukanise nezinye izingane kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-7 emva kokuqala kokuqhuma, ukuvimbela ukuxhumana kwabo nabesifazane abakhulelwe ukuze bagweme ukutheleleka. I-Rubella ezinganeni iningi eyenziwa ekhaya, ukulala esibhedlela kuyadingeka lapho kukhona izinkinga. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, sincoma ukuphumula kombhede. Ukwelashwa okucacile akutholakali, izidakamizwa ezinokwempawu zingahle zenziwe ukuba kuncishiswe ukushisa komzimba ngokusekelwe ku- paracetamol noma ibuprofen. Ingane kufanele iphuze amanzi amaningi, idle ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuvimbela i-rubella ezinganeni
Abazali abangafuni ingane yabo ukuthola i-rubella, kumele baqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lokugoma luhlangene. Ukugonywa kulesi sifo kufakwe ohlwini oluphoqelekile futhi kwenziwa eminyakeni engu-1, kulandelwa i-booster eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugonywa okungeziwe kumantombazane asencane kunganikezwa.