Isenzakalo esinjalo sezinkanyezi njengokwesaba kwelanga okungenani kanye ekuphileni komuntu wonke. Ngisho nasemithonjeni yasendulo, abantu bakhulume ngakho, futhi namuhla okungenani kanye noma kabili ngonyaka kuMhlaba wonke umuntu angabona ukukhanya okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Ama-Eclipses ayenzeka njalo, izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, futhi ngisho nezinsuku eziqondile ezilandelayo ziyaziwa.
Iyini ukuphela kwelanga?
Izinto ezisekhandeni elingaphandle zihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi isithunzi somuntu singathinta omunye. Inyanga idonsela ukuphela kokushisa kwelanga lapho ivala idiski yomlilo. Ngalesi sikhathi, iplanethi ithola kancane kancane futhi ibonakale imnyama, njengokungathi kusihlwa sekufikile. Izilwane nezinyoni ziyethusa ngalesi simo esingenakuqondakala, izitshalo zivala amahlamvu. Ngisho nabantu ababesetshenziselwa ukuphatha amahlaya afanayo wezinkanyezi ngenjabulo enkulu, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi konke kwavela endaweni.
Ukuphela kwelanga kuyenzeka kanjani?
Inyanga nelanga zihamba emaphandleni ahlukene kusuka eplanethi yethu, ngakho-ke abantu babonakala bayizilinganiso ezifanayo. Ngenyanga entsha, lapho izimo zombili zomzimba zihlangana phakathi kwephuzu elilodwa, i-satellite ivala isibonakaliso sombukeli wezwe. Ukuphela kwelanga kuyisimo sezulu esiqhakazile futhi esingasolekiyo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba sijabulele ngokuphelele ngezizathu eziningana:
- I-band ye-dimming ayibubanzi ngamazinga omhlaba, angaphezu kuka-200-270 km.
- Ngenxa yokuthi ububanzi benyanga buyingcosana kakhulu kunomhlaba, ungabona ukucwiliswa kuphela ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba.
- Okubizwa ngokuthi "isigaba sobumnyama" kuhlala imizuzu eminingana. Emva kwalokho, i-satellite iyahamba, iqhubekele ukujikeleza ekujikelezeni kwayo, futhi ukukhanya futhi "kuyasebenza kumodi evamile."
Ukubukeka kwelanga kubonakala kanjani?
Lapho umhlaba wesitetjhi uqeda umzimba wasezulwini, ukugcina okuvela ebusweni beplanethi kubonakala njengendawo emnyama ephethe umqhele obala emaceleni. I-fireball ivaliwe komunye, kodwa ububanzi obuncane. Ukukhanya kombala weparele kubonakala nxazonke. Lezi yizingxenye zangaphandle zesimo sezulu, ezingabonakali ngesikhathi esivamile. "Umlingo" ungomzuzwana owodwa, ungakwazi ukuwubamba kuphela endaweni ethile. Futhi okuyisisekelo sokuphela kwelanga kusemthunzini owela e-satellite, okuvimbela ukukhanya. Omunye endaweni ebumnyama angabona ukuphela kwelanga, abanye kuphela ngokwengxenye noma cha.
Ukuphela kwelanga kuphele isikhathi esingakanani?
Kuye nge-latitude, lapho kukhona khona umbukeli wezwe ongase abe khona, angabona ukuphela kwelanga kusukela kumaminithi angu-10 kuya kwangu-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunezinyathelo ezintathu zomgomo wokuphela kwelanga:
- Kusukela ngakwesokudla kwesibani kukhona iNyanga.
- Idlula nge-orbit yayo, kancane kancane ifihla idiski elivuthayo evela kumbukeli.
- Kufika isikhathi esibucayi - lapho i-satellite igcina ngokuphelele isikhanyiso.
Emva kwalokho, iNyanga ihamba, iveza umngcele oqondile we-Sun. Iphunga elivuthayo liyanyamalala futhi liphinde likhanyise. Isikhathi sokugcina sokushona kwelanga sincane, sigcina isilinganiso semaminithi angu-2-3. Isikhathi esiphezulu esiphezulu sesigaba esigcwele ngoJuni 1973 saba nemaminithi angu-7.5. Futhi ukuphela kwe-eclipse kubonakala ngo-1986 eNyakatho ye-Atlantic, lapho isithunzi sifihla i-disc ngomzuzwana owodwa kuphela.
Ukuphela kwelanga - izinhlobo
I-geometry yalesi senzakalo iyamangalisa, futhi ubuhle bayo bubangelwa ukulandelana okulandelayo: ububanzi besikhanyiso bungaphezu kwezikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-400, futhi izikhathi ezingu-400 ukusuka kulo kuya eMhlabeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, umuntu angabona ukuphela kwelanga "okuqondile". Kodwa uma umuntu ebheka into eyingqayizivele engaphakathi kwe-penumbra yenyanga, uyadonswa kancane. Ngqikithi, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuqeda:
- Ingqikithi yokuphela kwelanga - uma isigaba somnyama esivela emhlabeni sibonakala, idiski yomlilo ivalwe ngokuphelele futhi kukhona umphumela wegolide womqhele.
- Ngasese, lapho isithunzi sifihliwe ngophahla olulodwa lwe-Sun.
- Ukuphela kokushisa kwelanga kunyaka - kuphakama uma umhlaba we-satellite ungude kakhulu, futhi uma ubheka inkanyezi, amafomu ayingqayizivele.
Kuyingozi kangakanani ukuphela kwelanga?
Ukuphela kwelanga kuyisimo sokuthi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuye kwaheha nabantu abavalo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukuqaphela isimo sawo, akusikho inkinga yokwesaba, kodwa ukuphumula kubuthwele ngempela amandla amakhulu lapho ngezinye izikhathi abe yingozi kubantu. Ochwepheshe nodokotela bezengqondo bacabangela umthelela walezi zenzakalo emzimbeni womuntu, bethi abantu abathintekayo, asebekhulile nabakhulelwe, basengozini ikakhulukazi. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi komcimbi kanye nezinsuku ezintathu emva kwalokho, izinkinga zezempilo njenge:
- ikhanda;
- ukucindezela kuqhuma;
- ukukhushulwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo.
Yini engeke yenziwe ekupheleni kwelanga?
Kusukela embonweni wezokwelapha, kuyingozi kakhulu ukubheka ilanga ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa, ngoba ilanga liveza inani elikhulu le-ultraviolet (futhi phakathi nokucwiliswa kwamehlo akuvikelwe futhi kuthatha ukulinganiselwa kwemisebe ye-UV eyingozi), okuyimbangela yezifo ezihlukahlukene zamehlo. Ababhula ngezinkanyezi bakhuluma nangomphumela wokushona kwelanga emiphakathini yabantu nokuziphatha kwabo. Ochwepheshe kule nkambu abaphakamisi ukuthi baqale ibhizinisi elisha ngalesi sikhathi ukuze bagweme ukwehluleka, ukuthatha into ethile ngokuzenzekelayo futhi benze izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho kuqhubeka khona ukuphela kwesikhathi. Okufanele ukwenze ekupheleni kwelanga akufanelekile, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa:
- ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala nezidakamizwa;
- ukuxazulula izingxabano, njengoba abantu bebacasula kakhulu;
- izinqubo zokwelapha ezinzima;
- ukubamba iqhaza ezenzweni eziningi.
Kuphi ukuphela kwelanga okulandelayo?
Ezikhathini zasendulo, umzuzwana lapho isibonakaliso sanyamalala ngemuva kwenyanga idiski, kwakungenakwenzeka ukubikezela. Namuhla, ososayensi babiza izinsuku kanye nezindawo eziqondile lapho kungcono ukubukela ukucwiliswa kanye nomzuzu wesigaba esiphezulu, lapho inyanga ivala idiski yomlilo ngesithunzi sayo. Ikhalenda ye-2018 yile ndlela elandelayo:
- Ubumnyama obuyimfihlo bungabonakala e-Antarctica, eningizimu ye-Argentina naseChile ngobusuku bukaFebruwari 15, 2018.
- Ngomhla ka-13 kuJulayi, ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu (e-Australia, e-Oceania, e-Antarctica), ukuvalwa okuyingxenye yeS Sun kungabonwa. Isigaba esiphezulu ngu-06: 00 eMoscow.
- Ukuphela kokushisa kwelanga kubantu abahlala eRussia, e-Ukraine, eMongolia, eChina, eCanada naseScandinavia kuzofika ngo-Agasti 11, 2018 ngo-12: 47.
Ukuphela kwelanga - amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ngisho nabantu abangaqondi izinkanyezi banesithakazelo ku: kaningi kangakanani ukushona kwelanga, ukuthi kuba yiphi, ukuthi lesi simo esiyinqaba sihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Amaqiniso amaningi ngaye awaziwa wonke umuntu futhi akumangazi muntu. Kodwa kukhona ulwazi olusithakazelisayo mayelana nokucwiliswa, okwaziwa abambalwa.
- Qaphela isimo lapho idiski yomlilo ifihliwe ngokuphelele emehlweni, kuyo yonke isimiso sobusuku kungenzeka kuphela eMhlabeni.
- Kunoma yiliphi iphuzu lezinkanyezi ukukhanya kungabonwa ngokwesilinganiso kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-360.
- Indawo ephezulu yokuqoqwa kweSanga ngethunzi lenyanga i-80%.
- E-China, ukuvuthwa kokuqala okuqoshiwe kwatholakala, okwenzeka ngo-1050 BC.
- AmaShayina asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi lapho ukucima "inja enelanga" kudla i-Sun. Baqala ukushaya izigubhu ukuze baxoshe isilwane sasezulwini esikukhanyeni. Kwakudingeka abe nesaba futhi abuyisele impahla eyebiwe esibhakabhakeni.
- Uma kukhona ukushona kwelanga, isithunzi senyanga sihamba eduze komhlaba ngejubane elikhulu - kuze kube ngu-2 km ngomzuzwana.
- Ososayensi sebebalwe: emva kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-600 ukuphela kuzophela, ngoba i-satellites izoduka emhlabeni ukuze ibanga elide.