Isigaba esibaluleke kunazo zonke zezitshalo ezikhulayo ukunakekelwa kwezithombo ze-pepper ngemuva kokuhluma. Ungakwazi ukukhetha kahle nokucubungula imbewu, kodwa uma wenza amaphutha ngokuchelela, ukukhanyisa noma ukushisa kwe-air, kunengozi yokubhubhisa kalula amahlumela amancane omuthi wakho ozithandayo.
Indlela yokunakekela izithombo ze-pepper ngemuva kokuhluma?
Ngisho nasesiteji sokulungiselela imbewu, umlimi wemifino kufanele anqume ukuthi uzokhula kanjani izithombo. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola izithombo - ukuhlwanyela kumabhodwe ngamanye (izinkomishi) noma emabhokisini avamile. Ukunakekela izithombo ze-pepper esifundeni sesibili kudinga ukukhethwa okuphoqelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela azoqala ukuphazamiseka izifo futhi alulame, azohlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ewusizo,
Okuthinta ukukhula okufanele kwazitshalo ze-pepper:
- ukushisa umbuso;
- ukukhanya okukhanyayo;
- ukwakheka kwe-nutrient substrate;
- ubukhulu bedraki noma indebe;
- imvamisa kanye nekhwalithi yokunisela;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- izinga lokusebenza lokukhethwa.
Unganisela kanjani amahlumela e-pepper ekhaya?
Ukunakekelwa ngokuhlelekile kwezithombo ezincane ze-pepper ngemuva kokuhluma kuqukethe ukuchelela okwesikhashana, ukomiswa kwe-substrate ngisho nesikhashana uma amahlumela amathenda ebuhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa ukugcoba ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kuyinto engathandeki, ukuqhuma kwamanzi kuholela esitsheni esimnyama nokufa kwesimiso sempande. Izitshalo azidli uketshezi ngokushesha emva kokuvela, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ivolumu yayo iyanda. Kulesi simo indima idlalwe ubukhulu bebhokisi, ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi nobukhulu bokutshala. Kunconywa ukuphuza izithombo ze-pepper ekhaya bese wenza amanzi ancibilikile ahlanzekile.
Izindlela ezilula zokuhlola umswakama wenhlabathi:
- Siphuma ebhokisini umhlabathi omncane futhi senza isisindo ezandleni, ngesilinganiso esivamile somswakama, asiwahluli.
- Nge-twig encane, senza ukujula emhlabathini futhi siyiphume, uma isihloko se-wand isimanzi, sekusekuseni kakhulu ukuphuza amabhokisi.
Ukukhula okubi kwezithombo ze-pepper, yini okufanele uyenze?
Abaningi bemifino yokuqala yemifino bafunda izimfihlakalo zezithombo ze-pepper ezikhulayo ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, ngokuvamile bavele benza amaphutha amanxeba amaningi. Kunconywa ukuthi kuhlwanyela ukuhlwanyela ukufunda iseluleko sabantu abanolwazi, ukutadisha okuphawulekayo kokukhula kwalesi siko, ubuchwepheshe bokulima. Kukhona uhlu lwezimbangela eziholela ezibhedlela ngisho nokufa kwezithombo ezibuthakathaka.
Izimbangela ezivamile zokukhula kompofu ompofu:
- Ukungabi nokukhanya.
- Ukuthungatha kanye nokushintshashintsha kokushisa okuzumayo ekamelweni.
- Izibuko efasiteleni.
- Ukunisela okungalungile.
- Ukutshala izithombo ngamaminerali amaminerali ngokwephula imiyalelo.
- Ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi okubi.
Indlela yokutshala izithombo zika utamatisi kanye nepelepele?
Akukhuthazwa ukwethula ama-fertilizer esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula. Uma inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ilungiselelwe kahle, khona-ke amaminerali kuwo akwanele ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwezihlumela. Ukukhulelwa kokuqala kwezithombo ze-pepper kwenziwa izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kwenqubo yokukhetha. Isicelo esilandelayo sezakhi zomzimba senziwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Ungakwazi ukunakekela izithombo ze-pepper ngosizo lwama-fertilizer alungile. I-sodium humate efanelekayo, amalungiselelo okuthi "Krepysh", "Ideal", "Agricola", "Rostorin" kanye nama-analogues awo, ahloswe ngamasiko ayingqayizivele.
Ungakhetha kanjani pepper on izithombo?
Ukunakekela izithombo zepelepele emva kwamahlumela akwenzeki neze ngaphandle kokukhethwa. Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ukutshala izithombo zethu ezincane kusuka kwisitsha esisodwa sibe yiziqukathi ezihlukene. Le nqubo iyadingeka ukukhiqiza ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga amabili aqinile wangempela ngokujula kwesiqu kuya ku-0.5 cm ngaphansi kwezinga langaphambilini. Ukukhiqizwa kahle kwezithombo ze-pepper kukwenza ngcono ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande zangasese futhi kusiza ukuhlinzeka ngesitshalo esincane ngemibandela ekhulayo kangcono.
Iziqu zezithombo ze-pepper:
- Sithenga amapulasitiki epulasitiki noma ama-peat wevolumu edingekayo.
- Silungisa inhlanganisela yomhlabathi futhi siyikhipha imishanguzo ngesisombululo sama-manganese.
- Sigcwalisa izibuko ngomhlaba.
- Ngemuva kwamahora angu-1-2 ngehora lokuqoqa, siphuza amabhokisi ngezithombo.
- Uma sisebenzisa i-spatula, sihlukanisa ukulinganisa okusuka ku-mass mass bese siyidlulisela ingilazi.
- Sizama ukulimaza izitshalo ezincane zezitshalo.
- Beka i-pepper emgodini ngokujula kwengxenye yecentimitha.
- Ekutheni kokuqala sigcina isithombo.
- Umhlabathi esibukweni lapho sigxila sithelela ezingeni elidingekayo.
Izifo zezithombo ze-pepper
Zonke izifo ze-pepper zihluma zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili - ezithathelwanayo futhi ezingenasifo. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyadingeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi zihlobene nokutheleleka nge-fungi, amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya. Ukunakekela umquba we-pepper ngemuva kokuvela lapho izimpawu zokulimala eziphilayo eziyingozi zibonakala ukomiswa kwenhlabathi, ukulungiswa kombuso wokushisa. Umhlaba ungaphathwa nge-fungicides noma i-biofungicides ("Fitosporin"). Amaqabunga e-Pepper aphefulwa nge- Bordeaux liquid noma enye agent e-antifungal.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-pepper:
- Umlenze omnyama.
- Ukuqothula izithombo - kubangelwa i-fungus fusarium noma i-sclerocinia.
- Ukumnyama okumnyama.
- Ukulimala okuzayo.
- Ukubola okumhlophe.
- Grey ukubola.
- Izifo ezifayo.
Kungani insimu ye-pepper ifa ngemva kokuhluma?
Ngokuvamile, izimbangela zokufa kwezimbewu ze-pepper zihlanganiswa ukuchelela okuncane, ukuphulwa kwezimo zokushisa noma ukukhanya okuncane. Ukweqa ngokweqile noma ukungabi namaminerali athile kungaholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula nokunciphisa kancane kobunzima obuhlaza. Izinambuzane eziningi zezifo ze-fungal, amagciwane nama-bacterium alotshwe ngento yokutshala nenhlabathi. Kumele ahlaziye amagciwane emhlabathini nasesiteji sokulungiselela ukutshala.
Umlenze omnyama we-pepper isithombo, yini okufanele ngiyenze?
Umbangela wale nkinga ingumhlabathi othelelekile. Umlenze omnyama wezihlumela ze-pepper usakazeka ngokushesha uma kwenzeka inhlabathi eningi kakhulu futhi ikhuphuka lokushisa komphakathi. Lesi sifo singanqunywa yizibonakaliso eziyinhloko - ukugcoba nokunyamaza kwesiqu, isithwathwa sitholakala endaweni ethintekile, okuholela ngokushesha ekuvuthweni kwehlumela nokufakwa kwayo. Kwezinye izimo, uma lesi sitshalo sesonakaliswe ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo engadini, i-pepper ayifi, kodwa ikhula kabi futhi iveza isivuno esincane.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nomnyama omnyama:
- Ungavumeli upelepele ukuba unakekelwe emva kokuhluma umswakama ophezulu.
- Gwema izitshalo ezinomsoco.
- Ukungafihlisi okudingekayo kwe-substrate.
- Ikhulula umhlaba.
- Igumbi lokugcoba ngezithombo.
- Ukufafaza kwenhlabathi ngokhuni noma umhlabathi owomile owomile.
- Ukususa ngokushesha izithombo ze-pepper ezigulayo ebhokisini labo.
- Ukwelashwa komhlaba ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-fungicide.
I-pepper isithombo sabekwa, yini engingayenza?
Izizathu eziyinhloko zalesi nkinga - ukufakwa kwamabhokisi anezithombo endaweni emnyama ngaphandle kokukhanyisa okufakelwayo. Ukwandisa isimo sezitshalo ezinomsoco, ukuchelela njalo, ukushisa okuphezulu kwemvelo, ukugoba ngokukhetha. Uma umquba we-pepper usulele, kufanele udlulisele iziqukathi ku-windows window noma ufake ngokushesha izibani zokukhanyisa. Ukunisela kufanele kulinganiselwe, izinga lokushisa linciphise ekukhanyeni okukhulu ku-25 ° C, futhi kusimo sezulu esinamafu - kuze kufike ku-18 ° C. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga wangempela, senza ngokushesha ukukhetha ngokungena kwesitshalo.
Kungani kuwela umquba we-pepper?
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa kwezithombo zihlotshaniswa nemphutha enkulu eyenziwe ekunakekeleni izithombo ze-pepper ngenkathi ilungiselela inhlabathi kanye nembewu yokutshala noma ngezigaba ezikhulayo emva kokungena. Isibonelo, izidumbu ze-nitrogen fertilizer enhlabathini ziholela ekusweleni ngokweqile kwesitshalo nokuhlala kwayo. Izihlumela zePepper zivame ukuwela ezitshalweni zakuqala uma kunesidingo esibucayi selanga. Uma ungafaka ngokushesha izibani zokukhanyisa, izitshalo eziningi zizokwelula, zigule futhi ziphele.
Ukuvuthwa kwamahlumela kwenzeka, njengokunisela okukhulu, okuvusa umlenze omnyama nokubola, nasendlini eyomile. Zama ukugcina umswakama ekamelweni ngezithombo ezingeni lika 60-65%. Esikhathini sokuqala ukulimaza imbewu, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kodwa emva kokukhula ekunakekeleni kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukufunda okunethezeka kuka 23-25 ° C. Ukudonsa okushisayo ku-12 ° C noma ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwezithombo.