Izinguquko ezithinta amagciwane ezindongeni zemithanjeni yegazi, ukwehlukana kwazo nokunciphisa ukunciphisa ngokuvamile kuvame ukushaya isifo esibuhlungu. Ukushona kwesikhumba ebuchosheni kuyingozi kakhulu, ukushona ngemuva kokungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-40 inani lamacala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela isifo esibi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ufune usizo.
Izimbangela ze-cerebral hemorrhage
Isici esivamile kakhulu esenza ukuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi kuyisifo esiwumfutho wegazi kanye nenkinga ephezulu yegazi. Kwezinye izimo, izimbangela ezilandelayo zesifo sitholakala:
- i-atherosclerosis;
- izinguquko kwisakhiwo semithambo yegazi ebuchosheni ngenxa yezinqubo zokuvuvukala;
- i-blood pathology;
- i-beriberi;
- ukuphuza ngokweqile;
- ischemia yenhliziyo;
- umdlavuza wobuchopho;
- umonakalo ongokomshini ku-skull;
- i-diathesis enegazi elimnandi;
- i-encephalitis;
- aneurysm ye-vascular;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- umonakalo we-amyloid wemithwalo yegazi.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, akunakwenzeka ukubeka isizathu esiqondile.
Izimpawu zokwehla kwesisu ebuchosheni
Isithombe esitholakala emtholampilo wesimo esibucayi sincike ezintweni ezifana nokulimala komzimba, umnyango lapho umkhumbi uphuphuka khona, izinga lapho amanzi angena khona.
Izimpawu ezivamile zokuqeda ukubola kwesisu ebuchosheni:
- ukucindezeleka kokuqonda;
- ikhanda elibi futhi elinzima;
- ukuxubha;
- ukuhlanza.
Uma lesi sifo esibulalayo sithinte i-cerebellum, lezi zimpawu zilandelayo:
- ukunyathela okuphoqelekile kwekhanda kuya ohlangothini;
- i-miosis;
- ukwephula isigqi sokuphefumula;
- ukwephulwa kokubambisana kokuhamba (ataxia);
- isiyezi;
- ubuhlungu obuningi ekudleni kwentamo.
Lapho indaba engcolile neyomhlophe ebuchosheni ibonakala, kuphawulwe ukuthi:
- i-asteroognosis;
- ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu;
- ukunciphisa ithoni ye-muscle;
- i-osognosia;
- i-hemiplegia;
- ukwandisa isimiso sezinzwa;
- ukuwohloka kokuma kwesikhala;
- izicupho ezinamandla;
- abulia.
Lapho ukugaya kwamanzi kwenzeka ezinxenyeni ezijulile zelungu, kunomtholampilo onjalo:
- i-bradycardia ;
- ukulahlekelwa kokuqonda;
- i-hyperthermia;
- akukho ukusabela kwamapupillary ekukhanyeni;
- ukucindezelwa ngu-hemodynamic;
- ukuphefumula okungaphelele;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukuqothulwa kwezizindlo;
- i-hemiplegia.
Ukwehla kwesibindi ngokweqile ebuchosheni kuholela ekoma, ngokuvamile ejulile, lapho kunzima khona ukukhipha isiguli. Emva kwalokhu kunzima, ingozi yomphumela obulalayo uyanda (ngo-30-35%).
Imiphumela yesifo esibuhlungu noma isifo se-cerebral hemorrhage
Okuyingozi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhlaselwa, ikakhulukazi uma isisulu siwela e-coma. Uma isikhathi eside kulesi simiso, isimo esibi nakakhulu siyizi:
- ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yobuso nolimi;
- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela yizitho noma isigamu somzimba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo;
- ukwehla okukhulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- ukwephulwa kwengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinyanga ezingu-12 ngemuva kokushaywa yisifo esibi kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi kubuye kwenzeke ukulimala, okungenza isimo sibe nzima noma kwandisa ingozi yokufa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho nangesikhathi sokuvuselela (izinyanga ezingu-24-36), imiphumela emibi ingabonakala, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenza komzimba nokuzwela.
Ukwelashwa kwesimiso segazi se-cerebral
Ukwelapha kunezigaba eziningana:
- Ukumiswa kwengcindezi yegazi ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-hypotensive kanye nezidakamizwa.
- Ukuqeda ubuhlungu be-syndrome nge-analgesics, izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala.
- Ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala (i-dexamethasone, i-osmotic diuretics).
- Ukuqinisa udonga lwamasongo, ukuqina kwe-capillari nge-hemostatics.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi yobuchopho ngokusebenzisa ama-nootropics.
Ngemuva kokujwayelekile kwesimo sesiguli, ukuvuselelwa, ukugcinwa kombuso nomsebenzi nokuphumula, ukulungiswa kokudla kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukungenelela kwe-neurosurgical kunqunyelwe ukuqeda i-foci ye-blood effusion, i-hematoma.