Ngenxa ye-ischemia ende futhi enzima yesisindo senhliziyo, izinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa kwezifo ezitholakala emangqamuzaneni awo. Ziholela ekuphazanyeni kwezinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba, ngenxa yalokho izicubu ezivame ukubhekana nazo zifa futhi zithathwa yizicubu ezixhumeneyo. Ngakho-ke ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kwenzeka - izimpawu nezibonakaliso zokuqala zokusetshenziswa kwalesi simo esiyingozi kubalulekile ukuqaphela kusenesikhathi ukuze ube nesikhathi sokunikeza usizo oludingekayo, ukugwema umphumela obulalayo.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala nezibonakaliso ezithile ze-infarction ye-myocardial zivela nini futhi kanjani?
Kuze kube iminyaka engama-50 emzimbeni wesifazane kuveza inani elikhulu lama-estrogen, okufaka isandla ekunwetsheni kwesikhashana kwemikhumbi ye-coronary. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amadoda ahlushwa isifo senhliziyo izikhathi ezimbili kaningi kunabamele isigamu esihle somuntu.
Ngemuva kokuya esikhathini, izibalo zishintsha ngokuphawulekayo, futhi abesifazane abaningi baphendukela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, uma uneminyaka engu-45-50, kubalulekile ukuba banake izinguquko ezincane empilweni.
Ngokwemvelo, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa zonke izibonakaliso zemitholampilo ze-pathology zibe yizigaba ezimbili - kude nokude. Esimweni sokuqala, ukutholakala kwezibonakaliso zezici kusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa, okwesibili - ukugwema izinkinga ngisho nokulondoloza izimpilo.
Izimpawu zesikhathi eside zesehlo senhliziyo zihlanganisa:
- ukukhathazeka nokugaya igazi;
- i-arrhythmia;
- ukulala kwe-apnea syndrome, ukubhoboza okukhulu;
- ukukhathala isikhathi eside, okungenangqondo;
- ukulala;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemathunjini;
- ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanza;
- ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo, ikakhulukazi izinyawo;
- ukuphefumula, ukuphelelwa umoya okuncane nokuzikhandla okuncane ngokomzimba;
- angina pectoris;
- ikhanda njalo;
- ukuphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile ehlombe lesokunxele;
- ukuvuthwa okuvamile ukuvuthwa ebusuku.
Ukubonakala ngisho nenani elincane lezimpawu ezivela kulolu hlu kufanele kube isizathu sokubhena ngokushesha ku-cardiologist.
Izimpawu eziseduzane nezibonakaliso zokuqala zenhliziyo enkulu zihlanganisa ukwehla kokucindezela okuhambisana nama-indices omuntu ngamunye wesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kubonakala okulandelayo:
- ukuvutha, ukukhulula, ukugubha, ukuqina noma ubuhlungu ngakwesokunxele kwesifuba;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- isiyezi esihambisana nesicashu;
- i-irradiation yobuhlungu ekhanda, ehlombe, esiswini, emhlathini, ohlangothini lwesokunxele entanyeni;
- ukunganaki kwezandla neminwe;
- isimo sokwesaba, ukukhathazeka okuqinile nokwesaba ukufa;
- ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwe-dyspnea;
- ukuwohloka kokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo;
- inkulumo ehlelekile;
- bronchospasm nge-edema ye-pulmona;
- i-neurosis;
- ubuhlungu esiswini esingenhla, njengokwesifo se-pancreatitis;
- ukungazi kahle;
- shintsha ukucaca kombono;
- akukho mphumela wokuthatha amaphilisi e-Nitroglycerin.
Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa indlela eseduze yokuhlasela, okungenzeka kwenzeke phakathi namahora ambalwa noma izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Usizo lokuqala ekutholeni izimpawu kanye nezibonakaliso zokuqala zenhliziyo
Ukuqaphela ukubonakaliswa kwemithi ethile yesifo senhliziyo esikhulu, udinga ukubiza iqembu lokuqala odokotela, ngokushesha uchaze isimo kubo.
Ngaphambi kokufika kodokotela, kungenzeka ukuqhuba imisebenzi enjalo:
- Beka owesifazane phezu komhlaba ngokuphakanyiswa okuncane kwe-torso engenhla.
- Ukugqoka izingubo eziqinile, vula iwindi, ngaleyo ndlela uqinisekise ukungena kwemoya entsha.
- Nika ithebhulethi engu-1 ye-Aspirin ne-Nitroglycerin.
- Ngokuvumelanisa nongcweti, unganika futhi ithebhulethi engu-1 ye-Analgin.
- Yeka ukwesaba ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithambile - u-tincture we-valerian, u-Valocardinum.
Isikhathi sonke odinga ukuqapha ukuphefumula, ukucindezela kanye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo. Uma uboshwa inhliziyo, yenza ukuvuselelwa okuphuthumayo:
- Umthelela oqinile omfushane ku-sternum.
- Ukuhlunga okungaqondile kwenhliziyo.
- Ukuphefumula okufakelwayo ngomlomo-kuya-ekhaleni noma ngomlomo kuya komlomo.
Lezi zinqubo zisebenza kuphela emasekhondeni okuqala ngemuva kwesigameko.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala nezibonakaliso zezici ze-infarction ye-myocardial ku-ECG
Qinisekisa ukuxilongwa, thola uhlobo lokuhlaselwa futhi unikeze ukwelashwa okufanele kuphela emva kokucophelela
Lesi sibalo sibonisa ukuthi izici zesici se-ECG ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo ekulu futhi enzulu yilokhu:
- ukungabi khona kwezinyo R;
- izinyo elide Q;
- ukucubungula okuphezulu kwesifo se-ST;
- ukucindezeleka okulandelayo kwesigaba se-ST;
- Inani elibi le-T wave.