Uma uhlakulela imifino ukuqinisekisa ukuvunwa okuhle ukuhambisana ngokuphawulekayo nesikhathi sokutshala. Abaqashi bokuqala kudingeka bazi ukuthi bayatshala nini iklabishi ezitshalweni.
Imigomo yokuhlwanyela iklabishi yezithombo
Lapho ukhetha isikhathi sokutshala iklabishi, izithombo kufanele zisekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zemifino. Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa kweklabishi, ezingavuthwa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, zihlwanyela ngasekupheleni kukaFebruwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Izinhlobo zokuvuna kanye nokuphuza kufanele zihlwanyelwe ekupheleni kukaMashi. Kodwa lokhu kuyisikhathi esilinganiselwe kuphela. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu iklabishi, izithombo nazo zicatshangelwa esimweni esithile sezulu endaweni. Abacwaningi batusa ukuhlwanyela iklabishi ngezinsuku ezingama-50 - 60 ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlongozwayo kwezithombo emhlabathini.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi izithombo?
Ukuhlwanyela iklabishi izithombo zikhiqizwa emabhokisini noma ezinkomishi. Isiqinisekiso sokuvunwa okuhle esikhathini esizayo siyoba izinga lembewu, ngakho kumele kukhethwe imbewu enkulu. Kunconywa ukunciphisa imbewu imizuzu engama-20 ngamanzi ashisayo (+ 45 ... + 50 degrees), bese kuthi imizuzu embalwa ubambe emanzini abandayo. Imbewu ihlanganiswa nengqimba yenhlabathi engabi ngaphezu kwe-1 cm. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala izithombo ziphuziswa, ukuphuza okuqhubekayo kwenziwa njengoba umhlaba ubomile. Ukushisa okukhulu ngesonto lokuqala ngu-+6 ... + 12 degrees.
Izithombo zivela ngokushesha ngokushesha - ngosuku lwesithathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, amabhokisi atholakala endaweni efudumele. Ukubonakala kweqabunga lokuqala langempela kuyisignali yokuhamba, kuyilapho ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla zezithombo kufanele libe okungenani ngu-6 cm. Ukulondolozwa kwesimiso sempande kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhubhu anomsoco noma izimbiza ze-peat. Ukuxubana komhlabathi kulungiselelwe kusuka ku-peat (izingxenye ezingu-7), i-humus (izingxenye ezimbili), i-turf ne- mullein (ingxenye eyodwa yesakhi ngasinye). Ingxube ehlanganiswe kahle inqamuke ibe yizingqimba ezincane, cishe ngamaphesenti angama-6x6x6 cm ngobukhulu. Ungasebenzisa futhi amakhadibhodi wendabuko noma izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezigcwele ukuxuba komhlaba okungenhla, kepha uma ukhula izithombo zeklabishi zakuqala, ama-cubes ezinomsoco akuvumela ukuba ukhule amakhanda cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambili, ngenxa yobuqotho bezimpande izitshalo.
Ngemuva kwesonto emva kokukhethwa, izitsha ezinezimbewu zivezwa ekushiseni okushisa futhi zikhuliswe. Kungcono ukutshala umquba noma izinyoni zezinyoni. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa urea noma ammonium nitrate . Kunconywa ukugcina izinga lokushisa ku-hotbed ngo-+14 ... + 18 degrees emini, + 7 ... + 10 degrees ebusuku. Uma izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokweqile ku-greenhouse liyadingeka ukuvuselela igumbi, kodwa kungabandakanyi ama-drafts. Lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele, amafreyimu abamba ukushisa angavulwa okwesikhashana.
Ngo-May, batshala izithombo emibhedeni. Imithombo iyatholakala kude no-40 cm Okokuqala, cishe ilitha lamanzi lithunyelwa emgodini kanti isihlahla sitshalwe ngqo odakeni. Kuze kube yiqabunga eliphansi, lesi sitshalo sigcwele umhlabathi.
Imithetho yokutshala nokutshala iklabishi izithombo
- Izithombo ezijwayelekile azikho amaqabunga angama-5 angempela;
- lapho ukhetha, kubalulekile ukuphonsa izithombo ezibuthakathaka, ezithathelwe i-fungus noma ngaphandle kwama-apical buds;
- ukushisa kwamanzi lapho kuphuza izithombo kufanele kube yizi-2 kuya ku-3 degrees eziphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lomhlaba;
- Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kufanele kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elitheni lokushisa ngosuku oluseduze nokushisa komoya emgwaqweni;
- ukufika, kungcono ukukhetha isimo sezulu esinesibhakabhaka noma isikhathi sokuhlwa ukuze isiko sikwazi ukususa ngokushesha;
- Beka ukutshala phezu kwenhlabathi eyomile. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukukhuphuka ngokweqile komswakama futhi kuvikelwe ekubunjweni komhlabathi wokuqothula;
- ezinsukwini zokuqala zokutshala iklabishi kufanele kube yi-pritenyat.