Kubonakala sengathi inyanga eyodwa iyisikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kodwa inyane liwuphawu lokuphila oluphelele, olubekwe uphawu lwezinguquko ezibalulekile, ukutholakala kwamakhono amasha. Lapho ingane ineminyaka engu-1 ubudala, abazali kufanele benze konke okusemandleni ukuze bangamnakekeli kahle kuphela, kodwa futhi bahlakulele amakhono akhe engokwenyama nangokwengqondo.
Inyanga eyodwa yengane - isisindo nokuphakama
Enye yezindaba ezisemqoka ezikhathazayo cishe bonke omama abancane bahlobene nenani lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Uma ngesonto lokuqala iningi lezingane ezisencane lilahlekelwa isisindo (cishe ngo-10%), okubangelwa ukutholakala kokunye oketshezi emzimbeni uma kuziwa ekukhanyeni, esikhathini esizayo siqala ukubeka ubukhulu bomzimba. Emasontweni angu-3-4 okuphila ngaphansi kwezimo zokunakekelwa okwanele, ukudla okunomsoco nokungabikho kwe-pathologies, isisindo sikhula ngokushesha futhi sizinzile - nsuku zonke ngo-15-30 g.
Ingakanani ingane enesisindo enyangeni engu-1 incike ekutheni isisindo sayo sokuqala esithwalweni, esikhula ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-30 cishe ngo-600-1000 g, ngezinye izikhathi kancane kancane. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ngezingane zokufakelwa ezenzakalelayo zisheshe zithole isisindo. Ngokwezimiso ze-World Health Organization, isisindo esiphakathi kwengane enyangeni engu-1 ngu:
- amantombazane - 4,2 kg;
- abafana - 4,5 kg.
Ngokuqondene nokukhula kwezinsana ezinenyanga eyodwa, leli pharamitha landa ngamayunithi angu-3-4.5, futhi imigomo ejwayelekile ibhekwa njengeyi:
- amantombazane - 53.7 cm;
- abafana - 54.7 cm.
Inyanga engu-1 encane - ukuthuthukiswa
Isistimu yezinzwa zemfucumfucu isasesikhathini sokuqala sokwakheka, kodwa isazi kakade okuningi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwengane enyangeni engu-1 kuhamba ngesivinini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abazali baqaphele ukuthi izingane ezinyangeni eyodwa zihlanganyele ngokugcwele kulokho okwenzekayo futhi zizwela isizinda esingokomzwelo esibhekene nabo. Yingakho uma kukhona ethule, umama ojabulayo nobaba eseduze, umntwana uzizwa ekhululekile, futhi uma othile ecasulwa futhi ethukuthele, umntwana uyakhathazeka, uyakhala.
Yini ingane engayenza enyangeni engu-1?
Ukuze i-crumb ivumelane nezwe elizungezile futhi ilungiselele ukunyakaza okuqaphelayo, imvelo yamnika imibono ebalulekile. Emntwaneni onempilo, kubonakala ngokucacile, futhi uma befisa, abazali bangabahlola (ngenkathi ingane ingalali, ikhathele, imanzi). Ake sicabangele izimpikiswano eziyisisekelo eziphathelene nengane enyangeni engu-1:
- I-Sucker - uma ingane ingena emlonyeni wento (ingono, ingono), uqala ukwenza ukunyakaza okuyisisindo.
- Cinga - ngokuthinta kahle emathuneni nasemaceleni emilonyeni yezimpumputhe, udonsa isiponji esingaphansi bese eqala ukubheka isifuba somama.
- Ukuzivikela okuphezulu - uma umntwana elele ngesisu sakhe, uphenduka ngokushesha ekhanda lakhe.
- Ukubamba - ingane ingenelela isandla sayo ngokungena ngokubambisana bese ibambelela ngomunwe, igxile entendeni yesandla sayo.
- Ukukhamba kwe-Reflex - uma uthinta izintana zomntwana ngesandla sakho esimweni esiswini, uzozama ukusunduza, njengokungathi uzama ukuzamazama.
- I-reflex "ye-othomathikhi" - ngenkathi ephethe izimpumputhe futhi esondela ezinyaweni zakhe ukuze asekele ngokuqinile, uyokwenza ukunyakaza ngemilenze efana nokuhamba.
Ukufunda ukuziphatha komntwana osanda kuzalwa ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, umuntu angafunda kalula ukuqonda izidingo nezifiso zakhe. Ukukhala kuseyindlela kuphela yokuxhumana nabantu abadala, kodwa umama osondelene angabona ukuthi akusiyo njalo, kodwa unemibono ehlukile, ivolumu njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane ingaboni muntu oseduze, kodwa idinga ukukhulumisana, iyathukuthela, ukukhala kwakhe kubonakala yilokho okuzwakalayo imizuzwana embalwa ngezimiso ezincane. Ukukhala kwesilamba kancane kancane kubuyisa ukuzwakala okukhulu, futhi ukukhala ngokubuhlungu kungukuzimela, kungaphazanyiswa, ngokukhulisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukumemeza.
Yiziphi izingane eziningi ezazazi kakade kule minyaka:
- Gcina ikhanda lakho ngesisindo ngamasekhondi ambalwa ngenkathi usuyela emzimbeni;
- siphenduka emisindeni ezungezile (ukuchofoza noma ukugxila emisindo ebukhali, ilalela ukukhala kwensimbi, iphendulela ikhanda layo kumsindo);
- qaphela izwi lomama wami;
- ngesikhathi sokudla, ukugxila ebusweni bomama, ukucubungula izinto ezingenakuhamba futhi ezihamba kahle endaweni engama-20-30 cm;
- ukuhlukanisa imibala ekhanyayo ye-monochrome;
- smile ngokucophelela, ukubona ubuso obujwayele;
- zama ukuphinda ubonakaliso obuseduze 'nomngane wakhe';
- ithi "ukugwedla", umsindo wezintambo kanye nezindlebe, "uphendule" kwisikhalazo kuye.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuka, i-crumb yenza ukunyakaza okungahambisani nemikhakha kanye nemilenze, ehambisana nokuxoshwa komzimba kwemisipha yakhe, ivame ukunyamalala ngenyanga yesine yokuphila. Isikhundla esiyintandokazi kulephupho "i-frog ikhona" - elele ngemuva, izibambo ezigobile ziphakanyisiwe, imilenze eboshiwe isakazwa kude. Lapho umntwana elele esiswini, amadolo akhe adonsela esifubeni, izimbambo zigobile emaceleni.
Amathoyizi wezingane ezinyangeni ezingu-1
Uma ingane iphenduka inyanga eyodwa ubudala, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono akhe angokwengqondo namakhono amakhono kungase kuthuthukiswe kakade ngokusebenzisa amathoyizi. Kumele kube izinto eziphephile futhi ezizuzisayo, ukuthuthukisa izinzwa ezibucayi, umbono wokubukwa kanye nokuhlola:
- i-carousel engumshini, ekhonjiswe esihlakalweni, ngomculo othobekile kanye nenani elincane lezathoyizi ezihlukene zembala ezolile;
- ama-rattles angabanjwa esibambini;
- izinhlanzi ezinamapulangwe ezitsheni noma ezisingatha;
- amathoyizi, ahlanganiswe ne-band elastic (umbala nomnyama nomhlophe).
Ezandleni zengane, ungafaka amathoyizi amancane, izintambo ngamacandi, amathrekhi. Ukudweba ngobunjwa bomakhadibhodi abamnyama nabomhlophe bejometri, ubuso obomomothekayo noma obubuhlungu, kuyasiza ukumnika ukubuka lezo zithombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi ukutshela imilolotelo yemigqomo, imilolotelo yama-nursery , amathrekhi amafushane, ukucula izingoma. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuyithatha ezandleni zakho, ukukhuluma, ukuphawula ezenzweni zakho, ukubiza izinto ezizungezile.
Ukudla kwezingane ezinyangeni ezingu-1
Ukondla umntwana onenyanga oyingqayizivele ebaluleke kunazo zonke, akudingekile kuphela ukugcwala kwayo, kodwa futhi nokuxhumana okuthintana nomama, okwenza ingane ingaduduzeka ngokomzwelo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, okuwusizo kakhulu ukuncelisa ingane enyangeni, lapho umzimba uthola khona inani eliphakeme lempahla ebalulekile, futhi ukugqugquzelwa kwazo zonke izitho zomculo kwenzeka.
Ukubeletha ngenyanga enyanga eyodwa
Ngokuvamile, lapho ingane ineminyaka engu-1 ubudala, i- lactation kumama isivele isungulwe, futhi ukondla kwenzeka ngokwesimiso esakhiwe noma ngesicelo sokuqala. Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina ukudla kwesikhashana ebusuku, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-lactation eqhubekayo nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ubisi, okukhiqizwa ebusuku kuphela. Ingakanani ingane okufanele idle enyangeni engu-1 ngokudla ngokwemvelo kuncike ezidingeni zakhe, kanti izingane zezingane zeluleka ukuthi zivumela izingane ukuba zilawule isikhathi sokufaka isicelo esifubeni.
Ukudla okufakelwayo ngenyanga enyanga eyodwa
Ukondla ingane enenyanga enenhlanganisela isetshenziselwa uma umama engabakhi ubisi noma ngesizathu esithile ingane ayikwazi noma ayifuni ukuphuza ubisi. Uma ngokungazelelwe kufanele uyeke ukuncelisa ukubeletha bese uya engozini, umbuzo wokukhetha ingxube efanele kufanele uxoxwe nodokotela. Kunconywa lapho ukondla ingxube ukuba nemivuthu kanye nokudla kwemvelo, ngaphandle kokumnqanda ukuxhumana nomzimba. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inani lenhlanganisela kufanele lenziwe. Uma ingane ineminyaka engu-1 ubudala, isimiso sokudla nsuku zonke senza isisindo sesihlanu sesisindo.
Ukudla okuxubile enyangeni engu-1
Lolu hlobo lokudla luyenziwa uma kutholakala ukuchithwa kwe-lactation, ukungabi namsoco ebisi ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwezempilo komama, uma kudingekile ukuphatha imithi yokwelapha yengane. Kulesi simo kubalulekile ukuthi ingane idla kangakanani enyangeni eyodwa, lapho isisindo senziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokudla. Ukuntula ubisi kuhlanganiswa nomfakisicelo wokufakelwa, okuyinto efiselekayo ukunikela nge-spoon, i-syringe ngaphandle kwenaliti, i-pipette.
Uhulumeni wengane enyangeni engu-1
Inyanga yokuqala yokuphila komntwana, njengoba eziningana ezalandela, iningi liyenziwa ephusheni, kodwa umuntu angaqala ukujwayela kancane kancane ama-biorhythms emvelo. Ukwenza lokhu, kutuswa ukuba udlale futhi ukhulume naye emini, futhi ungaphenduli ngaphezulu ebusuku. Ekupheleni kwenyanga eyodwa, i-crumb izoqhubeka ihlale iphapheme, futhi ebusuku ilele ngokuqinile.
Ingakanani ingane ilele ngenyanga eyodwa?
Ukulala enyangeni engu-1 kungavamile futhi ngokuvamile kunesigaba sokulala okusheshayo okusheshayo, ukuze izingane zivuke ngokuzumayo njengoba zilele. Ubude besikhathi sokulala nsuku zonke buphakathi kwamahora angu-18-20, kanti izinkathi zokuvuka zihlala cishe imizuzu engama-30-60. Emini, ama-crumb ngokuvamile alala izikhathi ezingu-5-8. Umama unconywa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku ukulala nomntwana ukubuyisela amandla abo.
Ukuhamba ngezinyanga ezingu-1
Umbuso wosuku lokuzalwa olusha ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila kumelwe ukuthi uhlanganisa ukuhamba emoyeni omusha. Esikhathini sezulu esihle, kokubili esimweni esifudumele nesibanda, kufanele uhambe izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngosuku. Isikhathi esincane emoyeni esidingekayo sokuqina kwemvuthu, ukugcwala umzimba wakhe nge-oxygen, ukukhiqizwa kwama- vitamin D - 1,5 amahora ngosuku. Ukusebenzisa umqhubi wokuhamba, ngesikhathi sokuphumula kufanele ngezinye izikhathi abambe umntwana ezandleni zakhe, amvumele ukuba abuke konke okuzungezile.