Isithombo - intandokazi ngemifino eminingi futhi ewusizo kakhulu. Iqukethe amaprotheni, inqwaba yamaminerali amaminerali, ama-enzyme namavithamini. Ukunambitheka okhethekile kanye nephunga elimnandi lesithombo kufakwa emafutheni omasitadhi aqukethwe kulo mkhiqizo. Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile sesithombo, ukulima kwesivuno kuhlelwe endlini yokushisa. Imininingwane yokuthi ungakhula kanjani isithombo endaweni yokushisa, uzothola kulesi sihloko.
Lapho ukutshala isithombo endaweni yokushisa?
Kuyinto engokwemvelo ukubuza abalimi bemifino abazimisele ukuhlakulela imifino enhle futhi ehlwabusayo: nini ukutshala isithombo endaweni yokushisa? Empeleni, endaweni yokushisa evuthayo, isiko singakhula unyaka wonke. Kodwa kuvame ukunconywa ukutshala isithombo endaweni yokushisa ekusetshenzisweni kwekwindla-ebusika - ngoSeptemba, ekuvuneni kwentwasahlobo - kusukela ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sincike esikhathini sokutshala: lapho kutshalwa ngoFebruwari, isivuno sempande sakhiwe ngezinsuku ezingu-45, ngoMashi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35, kanti ngo-Ephreli - izinsuku ezingu-25. Ngama-hotbeds angabonakali, ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa lapho inhlabathi iba buthakathaka ngo-3 kuya ku-5 cm. Ezindaweni ezivamile zendawo yezulu lokhu kuvame ukuphela kuka-Mashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Ukutshala isithombo endaweni yokushisa
Ukuze intwasahlobo itshale umhlaba ulungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla. Kungcono ukutshala isithombo ngesimo sokungathathi hlangothi, ngoba isikhala esibucayi asinalo umphumela omuhle emifino yesitshalo. Umhlaba oxubile kufanele uhlanganiswe nomquba. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukumba nokulinganisa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa.
Ikhwalithi yezinto ezihlwanyela imbewu iyibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni isivuno esikhulu. Kudingeka ukhethe imbewu enhle kakhulu ngenxenye engenani okungama 2.4 mm. Ukulima, amamaki okutshala okuhloselwe ukugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezifanele kakhulu ukulima: "Warta", "Rowa", "Silesia", "Helro", "Dawn", "Red Red", njll (ulwazi ngalokhu ngokuqinisekile luqukethe sachet imbewu ). Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe ukuthola isitshalo sokuqala esitsheni esibamba ukushisa. Ukuze kubalwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zembewu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imitha engu-1 iyadingeka ngo-5 g. Imbewu ekhethiwe ifakwe ngesihlungo ngamamitha angu-2 mm. Ukuze unciphise amathuba okutheleleka, impahla yezolimo iphathwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Isidalwa sihlwanyiswa ngesandla, sizama ukukwenza ngendlela efanayo, ngakho esikhathini esizayo asikho isidingo sokuphuma ngaphandle. Isikimu sokutshala izithombo kanje: phakathi kwembewu - 1.5 - 2 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-6 cm, ukujula kokuvala - 1 cm.
Ukunakekela izidakamizwa ku-greenhouse
Ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa kwe-+2 ... + 4 degrees, isiko ngisho nokubekezelela ama-frost alula ku--4 degrees. Kodwa izinga lokushisa elikhulu liyi +16 ... +20 degrees. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela amaningi, igumbi lokushisa likhahlile ku- +6 ... + 8 degrees, kangangokuthi akulula ukuthulula ngokweqile amahlumela. Lo mbuso wokushisa ugcinwa izinsuku ezine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lama-+15 ... + 21 degrees liyadingeka emini, futhi cishe + ama-degree angu-10 ebusuku. Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukukhathazeka uma izinga lokushisa liyehla. Kuyavunyelwa kakhulu ukwehla kuya ku--5 degrees.
Ukuvikela isiko kusuka ezinambuzane, ukuhlwanyela kuphathwa ngexube lezinkuni nofulawa othuza ugwayi olinganiselwe. Uma izithombo zikhulu kakhulu, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuba kube mncane, ukuze ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo libe ngu-2 - 3 cm. Ukuhlelwa kwezimpande ezincane kakhulu kanye ne-shading shade yiyona imbangela yezithelo zokugaya.
Iseluleko : ehlobo kuyinto efiselekayo ukumboza i-greenhouse ngefilimu emnyama ebusuku, ngoba uma usuku lokukhanya ludlulela amahora angu-12, khona-ke imifino ifaka, futhi ikhwalithi yesitshalo iyancipha.