Cishe kuzo zonke izitshalo zezithelo zikhule izihlahla ze-apula, okuyisifo esivame kakhulu. Akuthinti impilo yomuthi uqobo, kodwa kunciphisa kuphela isivuno futhi kukhula izinga lezithelo.
Isikhumba esihlahleni se-apula sibonakala kanjani?
Ekupheleni kwezimbali ngoMeyi emaqabunga avela amnyama, amabala okukhula kancane kancane ngezingubo ezinomsoco. Ama-tissue abathintekayo aphelile, kanti phakathi nehlobo kukhona ukulahleka okubonakalayo kwamaqabunga esihlahla. Lokhu kuthinta kabi kodwa hhayi kuphela isivuno sonyaka wamanje, kodwa futhi nokwakhiwa kwezithelo ezifihlekile.
Ukunqotshwa kwesithelo kuqala ngokubunjwa kwe-ovary. Zinezigcawu ezizungezile noma ezingenalutho, ezimbozwe ngengubo yomnqumo. Ekuqaleni kwendawo encane, khona-ke ziba zikhulu kakhulu. Ngezithelo ngaphansi kwamachashaza uhlaka lwesikhombi lwakhiwa, okuvimbela i-fungus ukuthi ingene ngaphakathi kwe-fetus. Izithelo ezithintekayo kakhulu eziwa, futhi okusele kube yihlangothi elilodwa. Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeke sekwephuzile, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuvuna, izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-apple-tree, isikhumba asibonakali, kodwa sibonakala ngesikhathi sokugcina: izindawo ezincane ezimnyama zivela ezitshalweni, lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ukugcinwa kwezithelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-apula aphilile awagciwane.
Emahlumela, ukunqotshwa kwalesi sikhumba kubonakala ngokubonakala kwe-cortex ye-swellings encane, ehlulwa ngaleso sikhathi, okwenza ukuba i-cortex iqhekeke, ikhuphuke, futhi amahlumela aphethwe kakhulu.
Ikakhulukazi lesi sifo sikhula ngesimo sezulu, t. I-spores ye-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo ihluma kuphela esikhaleni esisetshenzisiwe. Zithwalwa umoya, izinambuzane nemvula. Ama-parasite angaphila emaqabungeni awile, izithelo ezigulayo kanye nesikhukhula samahlumela abathintekayo.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nesilwane kwi-apula
Izinyathelo zokulwa nalesi sifo zihlanganisa:
- ukwelashwa isikhala ku-apula;
- izindlela zokuvikela ama-apula kusuka esikhaleni.
Ungasifaka kanjani ama-apula kusuka kwesikhala?
Lapho ukwelashwa isikhala sokuphathwa kwezihlahla ze-apula, ukuchithwa ngezidakamizwa kanye nama-agent ahlukahlukene kungasetshenziswa, okukhethwa kukho
- kuncike esikhathini nendawo yokusetshenziswa kwazo:
- imijikelezo ye- ammonium nitrate ;
- ngesikhatsi ihlumela lihluma 3.0% i- Bordeaux fluid (uma ishisa kakhulu, sebenzisa isisombululo se-1%);
- lapho kuvela amahlumela - 1.0% i-Bordeaux liquid, i-chloride yethusi, i-Kuprosilom, iRubigan, iStrobi;
- ngokushesha ngemuva kwezimbali - amafungicides Skor, Rubigan, Horus, Sistan, Ditan;
- emva kokuvuna: isihlahla ngokwayo - isisombululo se-urea se-4-5%, namaqabunga awela phansi nomhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla isisombululo se-urea se-7%.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela ukuvikela i-apula kusukela esikhaleni:
- ukubhujiswa kwemithombo yokutheleleka (amaqabunga, izithelo);
- ukudala izimo ezingathandeki ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo (hhayi ukunamathela, ukuhlanza okuhle nokukhanya kwelanga ukukhanya komqhele);
- ukulima kwemigqa emkhatsini wemigqa, ukumba emagodini ngamaqabunga afile ahlanganisiwe.
- ngenxa yokungavumeli ukutheleleka kokuqala kokutheleleka okufakwe engxenyeni yentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwehlumela, ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-DNOC noma kumqhele ohlaza okwesibalo se-3% se-Bordeaux fluid;
- I-tincture ka-garlic (200-300 g wegalikhi oqoshiwe, uthele ama-2 amalitha amanzi ashisayo, uqinise amahora angu-24 nobunzima, uhlanza ngamalitha angu-8 wamanzi abandayo bese wengeza u-30 g we-sese yokuhlanza).
Ukubaluleka okukhulu ngokulwa nesilwane kwi-apula kunezinhlobo zokukhethwa kwezinhlobo zokulonda. Lezi zihlanganisa uPerina waseKiev, Amulet, Oder, Tsyganochka, Reina, Sava, Freedom, Odra, Rubinola, Topaz, Revena, Prima, Priscilla, Florina, Liberty, Syrpray.
Uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno se-apula esiphundu futhi enhle kusuka engadini yakho, khona-ke ngesikhathi esifanele unakekele ukuvikela izihlahla zakho ze-apula kusuka esikhaleni.