Isifo sika-Addison ("isifo sobhedu") yisifo esingavamile esimisweni se-endocrine, esichazwe okokuqala phakathi nekhulu le-XIX ngu-T. Addison ongumhlengikazi weNgisi. Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-50 banesifo esiningi kakhulu. Kwenzekani emzimbeni nalesi sifo, yiziphi izimbangela zalokho okwenzekayo nezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla, sizocubungula.
Isifo sika-Addison - i-etiology ne-pathogenesis
Isifo sika-Addison sibangelwa ukulimala kwamanye amazwe ku-correx ye-adrenal. Kule nkinga, kunciphisa okuphawulekayo noma ukuphela okuphelele kokuqala kwama-hormone, ikakhulukazi i-glucocorticoids (i-cortisone ne-hydrocortisone) elawula amaprotheni, i-carbohydrate kanye ne-fat metabolism, kanye ne-mineralocorticoids (i-deoxycorticosterone ne-aldosterone) enesibopho sokulawulwa komzimba wamanzi usawoti.
Ingxenye yesihlanu yamacala esi sifo ayimvelaphi engaziwa. Ngezimbangela ezaziwayo zesifo se-Addison, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa okulandelayo:
- i-autoimmune lesion ye-cortex ye-adrenal;
- I-AIDS;
- i-syphilis;
- i-adrenoleukodystrophy;
- isifo sofuba sezinhlayiya ze-adrenal;
- amyloidosis ;
- i-sarcoidosis;
- ukususwa kwezingqungquthela eziyingozi;
- ukulimaza emasontweni adrenal;
- ukwelashwa isikhathi eside namahomoni;
- izilonda ze-fungal.
Ukunciphisa ekukhiqizeni i-mineralocorticoids kuholela ekutheni umzimba ulahlekelwa yi-sodium ngokwemali enkulu, usuke ungcolisiwe, futhi umthamo wokujikeleza kwegazi nezinye izinqubo ze-pathological ziyancipha. Ukungabi nalutho kwe-glucocorticoids kuholela ekuphukeni kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, ukwehla kwegciwane leshukela legazi, nokungaqiniseki kwamathambo.
Izimpawu zezifo zika-Adison
Njengomthetho, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sika-Addison kwenzeka kancane, kusukela ezinyangeni eziningana kuya eminyakeni eminingana, kanti izimpawu zayo ngokuvamile aziqapheli isikhathi eside. Lesi sifo singenzeka uma umzimba unesidingo esinzima se-glucocorticoids, esingasetshenziswa nanoma yisiphi ukucindezeleka noma ukugula.
Izimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa:
- ukukhathala okusheshayo;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- imemori enciphile;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- ukuphazanyiswa komgudu wamathumbu;
- umfutho wegazi ophansi;
- ukuhlunga umzimba (isikhumba sombala wethusi) kwenzeka esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinye izimpawu;
- Ukukhangiswa kokudla okunomsoco nesomuncu;
- ukoma;
- ukuya esikhathini ngokungavamile;
- ukuthuthumela kwezandla , ikhanda;
- umchamo owengeziwe;
- tachycardia nabanye.
Inkinga ye-Addisonian
Uma izimpawu zalesi sifo zenzeka ngokungalindelekile ngokushesha, ukungaqiniseki okunamandla okuqhubekayo kwenzeka. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "inkinga ye-addisonian" futhi impilo isongela. Kubonakala ngezibonakaliso ezinjengobuhlungu obunzima ngokungazelelwe emhlane ongezansi, esiswini noma emilenzeni, ukuhlanza okukhulu nokuhuda, ukulahlekelwa ulwazi, i-plaque ensundu olimini, njll.
Isifo sika-Addison - ukuxilongwa
Uma kukhishwa isifo sika-Addison, ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukwehla kwamazinga e-sodium namazinga e-potassium, ukwehla kwe-serum glucose, okuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-corticosteroids egazini, okuqukethwe okukhulayo kwe-eosinophils, nabanye.
Isifo sika-Addison - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kusekelwe ekutheni ukwelashwa kwe-hormone ukushintsha izidakamizwa. Njengomthetho, ukungabi khona kwe-cortisol kuthathelwa i-hydrocortisone, nokuntuleka kwe-corticosteroid yezimbiwa
Ngezinhlekelele zika-Addison, i-glucocorticoids engenawo amakhemikhali kanye nezixazululo ezinkulu ze-saline izixazululo nge-dextrose zinqunywe, okuvumela ukuthuthukisa isimo nokususa usongo lokuphila.
Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukudla okuvimbela ukudliwa kwenyama kanye nokukhipha amazambane abhakabhakeni, ama-legumes, amantongomane, ubhanana (ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-potassium). Umkhuba wokusetshenziswa kasawoti, ama-carbohydrate namavithamini, ikakhulukazi C no-B, uyanda. Isibikezelo sokuphathwa okwanele nesifike ngesikhathi sesifo sika-Addison sinomusa kakhulu.