Isihlahla sama-citrus esinomswakama asikhuni kakhulu ukukhula kunezinye izitshalo zezithelo. Ukufunda indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin, ungasebenzisa lesi sihlahla - ukuzivikela okuphezulu, kalula ukunakekelwa kanye nokuvunwa okuhle kuzokwenza kube lula umsebenzi wegadi engenalwazi.
Ziyaphi i-mandarins?
Izithelo ze-Citrus ziyabangela isimo sezulu: izwe labo liyi-subtropics, ngakho-ke badinga ubusika obushushu obufudumele kanye nehlobo elide elimanzi. Lo mthetho usebenza ekukhuleni ngaphandle, ngoba efulethini umuthi oshisa ukushisa ungaqhakaza futhi uthwale izithelo cishe wonke unyaka. Izincomo zendlela yokuphakamisa i-mandarin ekhaya, zihluka, ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokulima. Ukungezwani kwabo okuyinhloko yilokho:
- Ukutshala ensimini kufanele ukhethe izitshalo zokuvuthwa zakudala nezithelo ezincane ezithandekayo, ukuze ungakhathazeki ngokulahlekelwa isivuno ngenxa yeziqhwa zakudala nezikhukhula. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zasendlini kungalawulwa ngokuhlakanipha - ukukhetha akukhawulelwanga.
- Lapho abalimi abanolwazi bethela indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin, baqala ukukhuluma indawo yokutshala. Kufanele kube ilanga kakhulu ensimini futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ivikeleke emoyeni abandayo. Ukucubungula nokufiphaza kufakwe efasiteleni noma ensimini yasebusika.
Ama-mandarine akhula endaweni evulekile
Uma isayithi lokufika lihlala likhethiwe engadini, izinhlobo eziningi ezibandayo ezinqabeni kusuka ezikhona zikhethiwe. Qaphela ama-hybrids: ahoxiswa ngokugcwele, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Emhlabathini ovulekile bayakhula kokubili ngokutshala okuqondile imbewu, nangemva kokufakelwa kwezihlahla. Ukuze kungadingeki ukuba uzibuze ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule i-mandarin engadini evamile ngemuva kokuthenga imbewu, udinga ukunaka izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- Clementine;
- "Uphayona 80";
- Cavanaugh-Wase;
- "Sochi 23";
- "U-Unshiu uvulekile kabanzi."
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin embizeni?
Ekhaya, noma yisiphi isitshalo kulula ukukhula, ngoba akudingeki ukuthi ubhekane nesimo sezulu se-whims nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Ukuthenga isihlahla esikhulile kulabo abathengisi bezitolo zama-flower akudingekile okungenani ngoba izitshalo zilungiselelwe ukudayiswa kanye nokungezwa kwama-fertilizer anamandla, ngaphandle kokuthi umuthi wendlu ungafa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukuze uqonde indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin efasiteleni, ulwazi olulandelayo ngalesi siko luzosiza:
- Ukusuka kokutshala kwetshe noma ukusika ngaphambi kokuvela kwesithelo, iminyaka engu-2-3 idlula ubuncane. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sizofaka amaqabunga amancane ngamaqabunga aminyene, njengokungathi ahlanganiswe ne-wax, futhi aqinise i-trunk, kanye nenqubo yezimpande.
- Ifomu elifanele lehlahla le-citrus liyi-spherical noma eduze kwalo. Ochwepheshe abakwazi ukukhulisa i-mandarin bagcizelele kuleli fomu, ngoba kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngesikhathi izifo ze-trunk nengxenye engenhla yempande.
- Izakhamuzi ezimbi kunazo zonke ze-mandarin, ezithinta amandla okukhula nokunambitheka kwezithelo - izindlu ezinobuthi (i-cyclamen, i-spurge, i-diffenbachia noma i-aloe emigqa).
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin esitokisini ekhaya?
Konke, okuxhunyaniswe nempendulo yombuzo othi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhulisa i-mandarin esitokisini ekhaya, kufana nendlela yokuhluma kwanoma yisiphi isithelo kwi-sill window. Amangqamuzana agxilwe nge-gauze ngesonto ukuze aguguke. Indwangu ye-gauze kufanele ibe nemvula encane, kodwa hhayi emanzi. Kungenziwa esikhundleni se-hydrogel egcina umswakama. Ngemuva kokuba i-poklevyvaniya ihlume izitshaliswa ngalesi simiso:
- Esigubheni se-peat enesisindo somhlabathi esisekelo kanye ne-turf emhlabathini ngokufakwa kobumba, ama-2-3 cm ambewu ayengeziwe.
- Isigqoko sokuqala esiphezulu senziwa lapho ukuphakama kwehlumela kufinyelela ku-5-6 cm.
- Lapho i-mandarin iqinisa, yona, kanye nengcosana yobumba, ifakwe embizeni enkulu.
Ingabe kuyadingeka ukutshala isi-mandarin esikhulile kusuka etsheni?
Ngaphandle kwe-inoculation, i-Mandarin ngokuqinisekile ikhiqiza izithelo, okuyizikhathi eziningi ezizoba mnandi ukunambitha. Isiqinisekiso esiqinisekisiwe sokuvuna okugcwele ngokuhleleka kwezakhiwo kungathembisa kuphela ukuhlanganiswa. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-mandarin ekhulile evela ethambo, indawo yokusebenza yesikhathi esizayo ayivikelekile nge-disinfected ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala kwamahlumela. Ukukhwabanisa akudingi amakhono akhethekile:
- Esigodini sesitshalo ukufakwa okuncane kufakwe ngesimo sencwadi T, okuyilapho kuzoba khona izikhathi ezide ezimbili kunezingqimba.
- Kusukela ku-scion esithathwe esitshalweni esithela izithelo, igatsha legatsha elinenso, ngaphandle kwekhasi lamagatsha namameva, kuthathwa. Ifakwa engxenyeni ye-incision, futhi ngemuva kwesigaba esilimele se-trunk sinxeba nge-band elastic - uma kungenjalo indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin uma ihlaselwa isifo? Lesi sitshalo sibekwe ngaphansi kommbizi weglasi noma sigcwele ipakethe.
- Lapho ihlumela likhula, imbiza isusiwe, futhi indawo yokuhlambalazwa iphathwa ngevini lomvini .
Kuzokhipha nini i-mandarin ekhulile kusuka etsheni?
Izimbali ze-citrus - isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokunakekela lesi sitshalo senziwa ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho. Izimbali kuyovela emasontweni 3-4 emva kokuvela kwama-ovari wokuqala. Uma ukutshalwa kwe-mandarin kusuka enzalweni kubambezelekile futhi amaqabunga angaveli, umqashi angakwazi ukusheshisa ukubonakala kwawo ngezindlela ezifakazelwe:
- ukubopha amagatsha aqinile;
- ukunqunywa kwamanzi amaviki amabili;
- ukwenqaba ukudlulisela ezweni elisha, elenziwa izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka.
Ingabe i-mandarin izokhulelwa kusuka etsheni?
Ukulinda isivuno ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala akuyona into ezwakalayo. Kukhona amacala lapho i-citrus eqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kwe-inoculation, kodwa izithelo azikwazanga kudliwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-fertilizer. Noma ubani ofuna ukuqonda indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin yokuhlobisa ngaphandle kokudla izithelo, lolu khetho lufanelekile. Abalimi bephunga isitshalo samanzi bayodinga okungenani iminyaka engu-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvela kwama-ovarie afanelekayo.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin kusuka ekunqunyeni?
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-citrus okuvela emthini wezithelo kulula kunokuthi kuhlume amathambo. Ukuze ukhule i-mandarin ehlathini, udinga ukuthola isitshalo esinempilo ngamahlamvu amabili aluhlaza, bese uqhubeka kanje:
- Emgodini wepulasitiki enezimbobo zamanzi, ihlumela lihlwanyelwe ukusuka ngezansi, bese kufakwa ingilazi engilazi phezulu.
- Ukuze kutholakale inqwaba yezimvula, uchitha okungenani izinyanga ezingu-2-3, lapho lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukuphazanyiswa ukuguqulwa nokuphambana.
- Lapho i-mandarin iqala ukwandisa, futhi ubukhulu be-trunk buyi-1 cm ububanzi, bungatshalalwa embizeni enkulu noma ebhokisini.
Izimo ezikhulayo zaseMandarin
Umkhathi okhululekile ungadalwa ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu zezezimali kanye nokutshala izimali okwesikhashana. Izincomo zendlela yokukhulisa kahle ama-mandarin ekhaya zicacise ngokucacile izinkombandlela eziyisisekelo:
- Ukukhanyisa. Usuku lokukhanya lokukhula olubalekile kufanele lwandiswe kumahora angu-12. Efulethini ebusika, ama- phytolamps asetshenziselwa lokhu.
- Ukunisela. Ngoba kufika amanzi abilisiwe ngaphandle kwento yangaphandle.
- Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Uma nje izinga le-fruiting linciphisa noma isihlahla siqala ukuphumula, sishintshwa kabusha. Isikhathi esihle kunawo wonke wemingcele yiFebhuwari, Mashi, Septemba no-Okthoba.
IsiMandarin ekhaya - ukunakekelwa
Lapho ukuguqulwa kwe-rooting ne-inoculation kuhlala esikhathini esedlule, ama-citrus azodinga ukunakekela uhlelo oluhlukile. Labo abakwazi ukukhulisa i-mandarin embizeni, bathi ukugcizelela ukwenza umuthi. Ibhola, elinamagatsha, lilungiswa njengoba kudingeka:
- Lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ku-30-40 cm ukuphakama, amahlumela ohlangothini othomathikhi aqalekile kuwo.
- Uma ama-citrus eqala ukuhamba ngokungaqondisi, faka amagatsha aphansi, ususe wonke amaqabunga angama-4-5.
- Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3-4, kusukela esithelweni somuthi wendlu, amahlumela abuthakathaka asuswa ekukhuleni.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin - ukuchelela
Igumbi le-citrus, njengabokhokho bayo, libona kabi izikhathi ezinomile, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukukhohlwa ngamanzi ayo. Ukulima kwe-mandarin efasiteleni elinokuntuleka kwamanzi, kodwa ukukhanya okukhulu kwelanga, kuyoholela ekwehleni kwamaqabunga nokubola kwezimbali. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyingozi ngokunciphisa ukuzivikela ekufweni kwezifo. Ukuqaphela okulandelayo kokuchelela kubhekwa njengendlela efanele:
- Ukukhethwa komthamo wamanzi, ngokususelwa kubukhulu bebhodji, indawo yeqabunga kanye nokukhula kwe-mandarin. Uma lezi zinkomba ziqhubeka, amanzi amaningi okudingeka uwasebenzise ukuze ahambise umhlaba.
- Hlola inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela. Ungayiphonsa inhlabathi ngenduku yokhuni ka-5-6 cm. Kufanele ibe semanzi kancane, hhayi kahle emanzini.
- Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube ngu-12 ebusuku. Khona-ke lesi sitshalo senza izinqubo ezibalulekile eziphezulu.
- Ukugcinwa kombuso wokushisa. Njengokuba kungenakufisa ukukhula ngesi-mandarin ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukugcina umjikelezo wayo wokuphila. Uma lesi sitshalo siwela "endaweni yokushisa imvula" ngenxa yokwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngaphandle kwefasitela, liphuziswa kancane kancane, ukugcina umsebenzi obalulekile kuwo.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-mandarin ngezithelo - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Izinhlobonhlobo zomanyolo we-citrus zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: izimpande kanye ne-foliar. Uma umquba womhlobo wokuqala unomthelela ekwandeni kokuzivikela kwesiqu, izithasiselo zohlobo lwesibili ziyasheshisa ukukhula nokuvuthwa kwezithelo eziluhlaza. Njengoba kungenzeka ukwandisa i-mandarin efulethini kuphela ebhodweni noma ebhokisini, umthwalo wokugcotshwa kwenhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo uhlala nomnikazi wesihlahla. Ukweqa ngokweqile akukwenzi umqondo - umquba awusetshenzisiwe kaningi isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ukusetshenziselwa ukucebisa amanzi ngaphambi kokuphuza nokuphalaza kungaba:
- superphosphate ;
- i-boron;
- i-vitriol yensimbi;
- i-magnesium;
- i-zinc oxide.
Ukukhula kwama-tangerines ekhaya - izifo nezinambuzane
Ekhaya, i-citrus ayisongelwa kakhulu, ngoba ayinamathele kuningi lama-phytoinfections eyaziwayo. Iziphambeko zangaphandle zezithelo ezibangelwa ukuchelela okwanele noma ukungabi khona kwelanga kanye nezinambuzane ezivamile. Ukungahambisani nemithetho yokwelapha akuvamile ukuboniswa esihlahleni, kodwa izimpawu zayo zibalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Phakathi kwazo: i-dwarfism, i-jaundice yamacembe, i-shrinkage ye-trunk, ifaka amaqabunga kanye nokuchitha ama-ovari. Ngaphambi kokwandisa i-mandarin ekhaya, kufanelekile ukujwayela uhlu lwezinambuzane ezivusa izifo emasikweni ase-citrus:
- Isibungu se-spider. I-mite ebomvu ifihla phansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga futhi kusukela lapho iqala ukumboza iqabunga lonke ngewebhu elincanyana, elidala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokulimaza izimbali.
- I-Whitefly. Isibungu ngamaphiko wombala okhanyayo sithinta kabi konke okuhlobene nempendulo yombuzo wokuthi ungakhulisa kanjani i-mandarin ngokufanele. Inikeza amaqabunga ithoni elibuhlungu, linciphisa inani lezinhlamvu eziboshwe futhi libhubhisa isivuno esigabeni sokukhula esisebenzayo.
- Thrips. Ama-"dashes" amnyama asuke engabonakali emahlumela, okwenza kube yizinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezithwala amagciwane kusuka ezitshalweni kuya ezitshalweni.
- Amamithabhisi omuncu. Izimpungushe ze-parasite zifaka i-gluten enobuthi, ephikisana noqweqwe olungaphandle lwamaqabunga nezithelo.