Zonke izinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni womuntu zilawulwa ama-hormone. Lezi zinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali aziphazamisi okungokwenyama kuphela, kodwa futhi isimo somzwelo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Ngisho nokuphambukiswa okuncane kokulinganisela kwe-endocrine kusukela emvuthweni kungadala kakhulu isimo sezempilo futhi kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
I-hormone ye-thyroid-eshukumisayo - yikuphi lokhu kwabesifazane?
Izinto ezichazweyo zikhiqizwa emgodini we-pituitary anterior, ukuvimba kwawo kulawulwa yi-system central neyesisindo (ingxenye enkulu). I-hormone ye-TSH noma i-thyrotropin iyi-glycoprotein enemiphumela elandelayo emzimbeni wesifazane:
- ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-T3 (triiodothyronine) ne-T4 ( thyroxine );
- ukulawulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, imisebenzi yokuzala kanye nomzimba wamathumbu;
- ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisela kwamandla omzimba;
- ukubamba iqhaza ekuqaliseni i-vitamin A, i-phospholipids, i-nucleic acid kanye namaprotheni;
- ukujwayelekile komsebenzi wezinhlaka zokubona, ukuzwa, izinhlelo zenhliziyo nezesisindo;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-iodine ukufaniswa ngamaseli wegciwane le-thyroid;
- ukuqiniswa kokuphendula kwengqondo ukucindezeleka.
Ngokuvamile, kunempendulo engalungile T3, T4 ne-TTG. Ngokunyuka noma ukwehla okubukhali ekugxilweni kwe-triiodothyronine ne-thyroxine e-plasma yegazi, igulane le-thyroid libonisa ukungafani kwe-pituitary. Ngenxa yalokho, ubukhulu bokukhiqizwa kwe-thyrotropin kuyahluka, ngakho-ke ukuhlonza okufanele kuyadingeka ukunquma inani lalezi zinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamahomoni - TTG
Amakhemikhali acatshangelwayo abonakala ngokushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke esimisweni sokuhlushwa. Isamba sayo esiphezulu se-plasma sibonakala phakathi kwamahora amabili no-2 ebusuku. Ngo-6-8 ekuseni, i-thyrotropin iqala ukwehla, ifinyelela kancane kusihlwa, ngakho igazi ku-TTG kungcono ukuthatha ekuseni. Uma uhlala uphapheme ebusuku, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone kunzima kakhulu.
Ukulungiselela ukulethwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-TTG
Ukuze ukhethe kahle ukuhlushwa kwe-thyrotropin, yonke imiphumela emibi engathinta imiphumela yocwaningo kufanele ikhishwe. Ochwepheshe batusa ekuseni ukuthi bathathe i-TTG - ukuhlolwa kwegazi emahoreni okuqala kuzosiza ukunquma inani elinokwethenjelwa, eduze nokuphakama. Kubalulekile ukuba ubuthongo obuhle ngaphambi kokuya esibhedlela, kungenjalo ukwethembeka kwesifundo kuzokwehla.
Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ku-TTG, udinga:
- Ungadli amahora angu-8.
- Unqabe ukubhema ngosuku lokucwaninga.
- Ngesikhathi sokuvakashela esibhedlela, khetha ukudla okulula ukugaya, futhi ungadli kahle.
- Gwema ngokweqile ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.
- Ungaphuzi utshwala izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.
I-hormone ye-thyrotropic ivamile kubantu besifazane
Ema laboratori ahlukene, amanani wepharamitha echazwe ahluke kuye ngokuzwela kwemishini, ngakho-ke kuyisiko ukukhombisa izinkomba zokukhomba. I-TTG - inqubo evamile kwabesifazane ngeminyaka yobudala (mIU / l):
- Iminyaka engu-14-25 - 0,6-4,5;
- Iminyaka engu-26-50 ubudala - 0.4-4.0;
- emva kweminyaka engu-51 - kuze kube ngu-4,5.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwe-thyrotropin kumele kunikelwe abesifazane, kufinyelele eminyakeni engu-40 ubudala. Lesi sikhathi sandulela ukuphela kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke ukuhluleka kwe-hormonal nezinkinga ezihambisanayo kungenzeka. Ngemuva kokumisa esikhathini, kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo izinga le-TSH - ukujwayelekile kwalesi sikhombisi akumele kudlule imingcele ye-0.4-4.5 mIU / l. Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwe-thyrotropin kunezinkinga ezinkulu zegciwane kanye nezinhlelo eziphilayo ezilawulayo.
I-TTG iphakanyisiwe noma ikhulisiwe - kusho ukuthini kwabesifazane?
Ukunyuka okuncane kwesikhashana ekugxilweni kwamakhemikhali akhiqizwa kubhekwa odokotela njengendlela ehlukile yokujwayelekile. Ihomoni ye-thyroid-stimulating iphakanyiswa emingcele evumelekile ngokumelene nesimo semibandela enjalo:
- ukungabi nokulala;
- ukulayisha ngokweqile;
- ukucindezeleka noma ukuvusa ngokomzwelo;
- ukwephula imithetho yokulungiselela ukuhlaziywa;
- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-iodine.
I-TTG iphakanyisiwe - izimbangela
Uma i-thyrotropin e-plasma yegazi ingaphezulu kakhulu kunejwayelekile, udinga ukuxhumana no-endocrinologist. Ingcweti kuphela ezokwazi ukuthola ukuthi kungani i-hormone ye-thyroid-eshukumisayo iphakanyisiwe - ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini, ngeke kunqunywe ngesisekelo semiphumela yokuhlaziywa okulodwa nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuthola izimbangela eziqondile zenkinga, kuzodingeka uqhube uchungechunge lwezifundo bese uthola ukugxila kwe-T3 no-T4.
Kunezimo eziningana zempilo ezithinta i-hormone ye-thyroid-okuyisimiso kudlulele kula macala alandelayo:
- ukuvuvukala kwegciwane le-thyroid;
- i-hypothyroidism ;
- uketshezi ngamakhemikhali okuhola;
- ukwehluleka kokuqamba kwenkohlakalo okuyinhloko;
- ukugula kwengqondo okukhulu;
- ukuzivikela kwamathambo kumahomoni wegciwane;
- izicubu;
- i-gestosis ;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yenzwa yomphakathi;
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis nabanye.
I-TTG iphakanyisiwe - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwalesi nkinga kusekelwe empeleni engalungile, ehlanganisa i-hormone ye-thyroid ne-thyroxine. Ukubuyisela isimo kujwayelekile kuzokwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-plasma ye-T4. Lapho i-TSH iphakanyisiwe, i-endocrinologist ichaza ukuthatha imithi ngokuqukethwe kwakho kwe-thyroxine. Isilinganiso, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kanye nesikhathi sokuphathwa kwabesifazane kubalwa ngamunye. Amalungiselelo aphumelelayo:
- Bagotiroks;
- I-Tivoral;
- I-Euterox;
- I-Thyreotome;
- L-thyroxine kanye nezifaniso.
Ihomoni ye-thyroid-stimulating isinciphisa - kusho ukuthini?
Njengokuthi ukwanda, ukunciphisa kancane kwe-TSH akukona isignali eyingozi. Kwabesifazane, le nkinga ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngokushintshashintsha komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. I-TSH ephansi njengendlela ehlukile yokujwayelekile ibonakala ngokusuka kwezinye izici:
- indlala noma ukuhambisana nokudla okuqinile ukulahlekelwa isisindo;
- ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezivimbela igundane le-thyroid;
- ukucindezeleka kusihlwa sokuhlaziywa;
- ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal.
I-TTG yehlisa - izizathu
Uma izinga lezinto eziphilayo liphansi kakhulu kunomkhuba, kubalulekile ukuvakashela udokotela ngokushesha. Izifo kanye nezimo ze-pathological lapho i-hormone evuselela igciwane iyancipha:
- izicubu zegciwane le-thyroid;
- i-encephalitis;
- i-Itenko-Cushing syndrome;
- i-meningitis;
- Isifo se-Grevs;
- I-Shihan syndrome;
- ama-neoplasms emgodini we-pituitary;
- i-thyrotoxicosis;
- I-Plummer's syndrome;
- ukucindezeleka nabanye.
I-TTG iyancipha - ukwelashwa
Ukujwayelekile ukwenza okuqukethwe kwe-thyrotropin e-plasma yegazi kudingekile ukuba ubhekane nesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi kufana nokusebenzisa ama-hormone zokwenziwa. Izinga le-TSH linganyuswa yimithi ekhethekile, echazwe kuphela yi-endocrinologist ngayinye:
- I-Parasosin;
- I-Amiodarone;
- I-Methimazole;
- I-ipodeyt;
- I-Erythrosine ne-analogues.
I-TTG ekukhutheni
Emasimini ozayo, isimiso se-endocrine sisebenza ngendlela ehlukile, ngoba ama-hormone wengane ayengakakhishwa. Kusukela esikhathini sokubeletha kanye nenani lemibungu, ukuhlushwa kwe-TSH - okujwayelekile kubantu besifazane abalungiselela ukuvela kwengane (mIU / l) nayo incike:
- 1 trimester - kufika ku-0.4;
- 2 trimester - 0,3-2,8;
- 3 trimester - kufika ku-3,5.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhulelwe, ukwehla okuthile kwe-thyrotropin kuyisici. Lokhu kungenxa yokunyuka kwegazi kwi-gland yegciwane, yingakho ukukhiqizwa kwe-T3 no-T4 kuvuliwe. Ngokumelene nokwaziswa okungekho emlandweni, ukunyuka kwamakhambi abo kuholela ekwenzeni ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone echazwe. Uma kukhona izinambuzane eziningana ezibelethweni, lesi sibonakaliso singalingana no-zero, lesi sizwe sithathwa njengokuhluka kwesimiso.
Uma i-TTG iphakanyisiwe ekukhulelweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlule ukuhlolwa futhi uvakashele i-endocrinologist. Inani elikhulu le-thyrotropin liyingozi enganeni futhi kaningi livusa izinkinga zokubeletha, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kanye nokukhubazeka. Ukumisa izinga le-TSH kwabesifazane abalungiselela ukubeletha, imithi ekhethekile imisiwe:
- i-levothyroxine sodium;
- Bagotiroks;
- L-thyroxine;
- I-Tiro-4;
- L-Tirok kanye nezifanekiso.