I-penicillin ingenye yama-antibiotic edume kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Ngokwenhlolovo yaseLondon Science Museum, ukutholakala kwe-penicillin kusekwesibili endaweni yokubeka ohlwini lwezinto ezitholakalayo kakhulu zesintu. Ukutholakala kwalo kwenzeka ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-penicillin njengomuthi kwaqalwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
I-penicillin yikhiqiza yokuphila kwesibopho se-Penicillium isikhunta. Umphumela wayo wokuphefumula usondela cishe kuwo wonke amagrafu-positive kanye namanye ama-bacteria angenagamu (staphylococci, gonococci, spirochete, njll).
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-penicillin
Ukubekezeleka okuhle kwe-penicillin kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa ngenani elikhulu lezifo:
- i-sepsis;
- i-gas gangrene;
- ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal ;
- izilonda ezinzulu zesikhumba ngenxa yokulimala;
- ubuso;
- ubunzima bobuchopho;
- Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (gonorrhea, syphilis);
- ukushisa okukhulu (3 no-4);
- i-cholecystitis;
- i-pneumonia ene-croupous negxile;
- i-furunculosis;
- ukuvuvukala kwesifo;
- izifo zezindlebe;
- ukutheleleka kwepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula.
Ezingane zokwelapha izingane, ukwelashwa nge-penicillin kungenziwa kunqunywe nge:
- i-septicopyemia (uhlobo lwe-sepsis nokwakheka kwamabhunqa ahlangene ezithombeni ezahlukene);
- i-septicemia yesifunda somzimba ezinsana;
- i-otitis, i-pneumonia ezinsana nasezingane ezincane;
- i-purulent pleurisy ne-meningitis.
Amafomu wokukhululwa kwe-penicillin
I-penicillin ikhiqiza ngesimo se powder, okuyinto ngaphambi kokuba umjovo uhlanjululwe ngesisombululo esikhethekile. Izijovo zingenziwa nge-intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously. Isixazululo se-penicillin singasetshenziswa njenge-inhalation kanye namaconsi (ezindlebeni namehlo).
Ukulungiswa kweqembu le-penicillin
Ngenxa yethonya layo kuma-cell cells (ukucindezelwa kokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okudingekayo ekuphileni nasekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya), izidakamizwa ezisekelwe e-penicillin zikhonjiswe eqenjini elihlukanisayo. Amalungiselelo eqembu lemvelo le-penicillin ahlanganisa:
- I-Procaine;
- I-bicillin;
- I-Retarpen;
- Ospen;
- u-benzylpenicillin usawoti sodium;
- i-benzylpenicillin usawoti we-potassium.
I-penicillin yemvelo ihambelana nomthelela wokuphefumula kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-bacteria aphikisana ne-penicillin yemvelo kanti imboni yezokwelapha yaqala ukuthuthukisa amapenicillin e-semisynthetic:
- Ampicillin;
- Oxycellin;
- Ampiox.
Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa zemithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-semisynthetic izidakamizwa:
- ukuphazamiseka kwepheshana lomathunjini;
- i-dysbiosis;
- isikhumba ukusabela okweqile;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic.
Njengamanje, isizukulwane sesine samalungiselelo aqukethe i-penicillin sakhiwe.
Ukulungiswa kwe-penicillin, cishe konke kubhujiswe yi-asidi esiswini futhi anganiki umphumela wokwelapha okufanelekile. Kodwa kunezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-penicillin, ezikhiqizwa kumathebulethi. Ukwakhiwa kwala mithi kwanezela izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinciphisa umphumela wezinyosi zesisu. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zidakamizwa zingezokusebenza okuyisisekelo:
- Amoxicillin ezibhebheni;
- I-Amoxyl - i-CMS;
- Ospamox;
- I-Flemoxin.
Njengomthetho, ukwamukelwa kwamalungiselelo e-penicillin amaphilisi kwenziwa ngaphandle kokudla kwezinsuku ezingu-5-10.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokukhululwa kwezidakamizwa zeqembu le-penicillin
Ezinye izifanisi ze-penicillin ezibhebheni ziyatholakala ngendlela ye-granules yokulungiselela ukumiswa noma amakhemikhali:
- Ospen;
- I-Hiconcile;
- Ospamox;
- Amoxiclav ;
- I-Bactox.
Ifomu elinjalo lokulinganisa lifanelekile ukwelashwa kwezifo zobuntwana. zingancibilika emajusi, ubisi, itiye nezinye iziphuzo.