I-Holstein ifuywayo yezinkomo - izici eziningiliziwe, ukungalungi nokuzikhethela kohlobo

I-Holstein yezinkomo eziyigugu ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi bekwazi ukuthatha izikhundla eziphambili emhlabeni kuzo zonke izinkomba ezinkulu - okuqukethwe kwamafutha, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kanye nokukhiqiza ubisi oluphezulu. Lezi zilwane ezihle kakhulu ezinakekelwa kahle zikwazi ukuletha imali engenakulinganiswa nokuzinzile emndenini.

I-Holstein ukuzalwa kwezinkomo - isici

Okhokho be-Holstein abadumile kukhona izinkomo ezimnyama-ezimhlophe ezivela eHolland, eBelgium, eJalimane. Abahlali bawaletha e-USA futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, ngenxa yomsebenzi omuhle wokhiqiza, ungathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo. Izici zanamuhla zakwaHolstein zihle kakhulu. Kuyadumela kokubili ukukhiqiza ubisi nokuqopha ubisi nokutholakala okunamandla ezithombeni ezincane, ngakho-ke kungasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza inyama.

Inkomo yeHow Holstein - incazelo

Ngaphandle, izinkomo zobisi zaseHolstein zizahlukahluka kwezinye izinkomo, ochwepheshe onolwazi angabathola kalula emhlambini omkhulu. Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zilwane - ngisho nekhanda eliphakeme kakhulu lobisi, alinciphisi okuqukethwe kwe-fat nobisi namaprotheni. Nansi incazelo emfushane yezinkomo ezinhle kakhulu zeHolstein:

1. I-torso yesimo somda.
2. Amahlombe avulekile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.
3. Umdanso omkhulu.
4. Ububanzi besibindi kuya ku-64 cm.
5. Ukuphuma kuvulekile.
6. Isifuba sezinkomo zeHolstein sijulile (kufika ku-86 cm).
7. Izembatho zide.
8. Izindwangu ezibelethweni zibizwa ngokuqinile.
9. Isisindo somuntu omdala ufika ku-700 kg.
10. Isisindo sezinkomo ze-golshtinskih - cishe ngo-900 kg.
11. Isisindo sethole silinganiselwa ku-38-45 kg.
12. Ukuphakama kwezinkunzi lapho kubunzima yi-160 cm.
13. Ukuphakama kwezinkomo lapho kubunzima kungama-140-150 cm.

Umbala wama-Holstein

Abamele balolu hlobo banamakhanda amnyama nama-motley, lesi sici sasiqinisekiswe ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa kanye namathole wombala ohlukene anqatshiwe. Isibalo samabala amnyama namhlophe singahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kukhona amathole acishe abe mnyama ngokuphelele ngezindawo ezikhanyayo emsila nasemilenzeni. Inkomo yase-Holstein emnyama nomhlophe ingaletha inzalo ebomvu neyomhlophe. Abantu abanjalo babengavumelekile ukuba baphinde bakhiqizwe, kodwa kusukela ngo-1970 bakhethwa ukuba bathole uhlobo olukhethekile.

Ngabe ubisi obuningi bunikela izinkomo zaseHolstein?

Kuye ngesifunda esithile sezulu, uketshezi oluvuthiwe lwezinkomo ze-Holstein lungahluka kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa kanye nekhwalithi yokunakekelwa kunethonya kulezi zici. Ngokwezinga elithile, ukukhiqiza kuncike ekuhambeni. Isibonelo, abantu abomvu ne-motley banika ubisi ngamanoni amahle kakhulu angama- 3.95%, kodwa ngobuningi babo abalala ngemuva kwezinkomo ezimnyama ne-motley ngesigamu. Ungaqhathanisa izinkomba eziphezulu ukuthi abalimi base-Israel, i-USA ne-Russia bathola:

1. E-Israel, ubisi waminyaka yonke lufinyelela ku-10 000 kg emanzini athile ka-3.1% namaprotheni okuqukethwe okungu-3%.
2. E-US, ubisi wonyaka lukhiqiza ngo-9000 kg, okuqukethwe kuka-fat 3.6%, amaprotheni 3.2%.
3. ERussia, uketshezi ubisi lungaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-7 500 ngamanoni ama-3.8%.

I-Holstein ibele - ukudla kwethole

Ukondla uketshezi lwezinyo kuyathinta kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abadala esikhathini esizayo. Embuzweni wokuthi kufanele ukondle kanjani amathole eHolstein, zonke izinto zidinga ukudwetshwa kusukela ehoreni lokuqala lokuphila:

1. Akunconywa ukulibazisa inqubo yokudla kokuqala.
2. Uma kuphawulwe ukuthi kukhona igazi ku- colostrum , kungcono ukunikela umntwana umkhiqizo ufudumele ku-39 ° C kusuka kwenye inkomo.
3. Inani le-colostrum lifinyelela ku-2.5 amalitha, kodwa hhayi okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-5 ubukhulu bayo.
4. Usuku lokuqala lwezinye ukuphakela ithole alinikeziwe.
5. I-colostrum inikezwa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngosuku.
6. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa inkomishi ye-teat uma udla.
7. Lapho uneminyaka engu-15 ubudala inani le-colostrum lingama-8 amalitha.
8. Lapho uneminyaka engama-2, amathole adluliselwa emaqenjini eqembu futhi anika ubisi jikelele.
9. Hay inikeza izingane kusukela ngesonto lokuqala lokukhona.
10. Umkhuba wesifo uncike emanzini, amathole ezinyanga ezintathu anika 1.4 kg, nezinyanga eziyisithupha zamathole - 3 kg.
11. Kusukela ngosuku lwesine, kugxila kulokhu kudla.
12. Umkhuba wokugxila ezinyangeni ezingu-3 cishe u-1.6-2 kg.
13. Izimpande zezinkomo zaseHolstein zinikelwa izingane uma zifinyelela enyangeni eyodwa.
14. Ukusila kanye nokususwa kwama-calve kunikelwa ezinyangeni ezimbili.

Ukuhlwanyelwa kwezinyosi zaseHolstein ezizaliswa inyama

E-US, izinkomo ze-Holstein zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza inkomo enhle kakhulu. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, izitshalo zezintshontsha zikhulwa ngokudla ukudla okunomthelela omkhulu wezingxenye ezikhethekile zamandla kanye nenani elincane lefodder. Ngalendlela, ama-bulls ase-Holstein athola isisindo ngokuphumelelayo futhi afinyelele izimo ezidingekayo ngesikhathi esibekiwe.

Izinyathelo zamathole ezikhulayo zokudla izinkomo zeHolstein:

1. Izinkunzi ezisanda kuzalwa zithatha ubisi esikhundleni senani lamafutha angu-20%.
2. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-45-60 - ubisi noma ubisi esikhundleni.
3. Esikhathini sokubamba, abantwana banikezwa inhlanganisela yokusanhlamvu.
4. Isiqalo se-granulated ngamathole amaHolstein azalisa izinkomo asinika amasonto amabili.
5. Izinga lokuqala lifika kusuka ku-0.5 kg kuya ku-0.750 kg.
6. Ukubunjwa okulinganayo kwemifino eyomile - 33% yi-oats kanye nama-protein granules futhi kuze kube ngu-34% okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu.
7. Ngeviki lesishiyagalombili inani lokuqala lifinyelela ku-1.5 kg.
8. Ukudliwa kwamathole amanconywe eHoystein - ama-80% wezinhlamvu zokuchola okusanhlamvu, u-roughage - 20%.
9. Amaprotheni anesisindo sika-180-340 kg ayi-16% ekudleni.
10. Esigabeni sokugcina, iphesenti lemboni lilethwa ku-80% -90%.

Izinkinga ze-Holstein zohlobo

Njengoba befuna ukuthenga izinkomo ngokukhiqiza ubisi, kubalulekile ukutadisha izinkomba zezilwane zaseHolstein kanye nezimo zokugcinwa kwazo. Ukubona emapulazini izinkomba eziphezulu zobisi ziveza ukuthi kungenzeka kuphela ekudleni okufanele kanye nendlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokulondoloza izinkomo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwazi izinkinga ezithile zalolu hlobo:

1. I-Milk Golshtinskaya izinkomo zezinkomo zihlanzekile futhi zibekezelela kahle izimo ezingekho emthethweni.
2. Ukucindezeleka kunomthelela omubi empilweni yemfuyo.
3. Ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala noma ukuhamba lapho umuntu esemdala kungathinta umkhiqizo, kungcono ukuthenga ukuzalanisa amathole amancane.
4. Esikhathini sezulu esibanda, ukondla ubisi lwezinkomo zaseHolstein kuyancipha.
5. Ebusika, i-borries idinga ukudla okuphezulu.