E-Arizona, i-USA ingenye yezimo zemvelo ezimangalisayo kakhulu emhlabeni wonke - iGrand Canyon. Lokhu kubhidlika okukhulu emhlabeni, kuguqulwa uMfula iColorado ngezigidi zeminyaka. I-canyon yasungulwa ngenxa yenqubo ejulile yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, futhi yisibonelo sayo esihlaba umxhwele. Ukujula kwalo kufinyelela ku-1800 m, futhi ububanzi kwezinye izindawo kufinyelela ku-30 km: ngenxa yalokhu i-Grand Canyon ibhekwa njenge-canyon enkulu kunazo zonke eMelika nasemhlabeni wonke. Ezingxenyeni zomfula ungakwazi ukufunda i-geology kanye nokuvubukulwa kwemvelo, ngoba bashiya imidwebo yama-four epochs, abhekwa iplanethi yethu.
Amanzi omfula ovunguvunguzayo ogeleza phansi kwe-canyon unombala obomvu obomvu ngenxa yesihlabathi, ubumba kanye namadwala ukuthi ahlanzekile. Umgudu ngokwawo ugcwele amaqoqo amawashi. Izinkulumo zabo zijwayelekile kakhulu: ukuhamba komhlaba, ukuguguleka kwamanye amazwe nezinye izinto zemvelo kuholele ekutheni amanye amatshe ase-canyon abonakala njengemibhoshongo, abanye - kuma-pagodas aseShayina, abanye - ezintongeni zezinqaba, njll. Futhi konke lokhu kuwumsebenzi wendalo kuphela, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kancane kwesandla somuntu!
Kodwa uhlobo olumangalisayo kakhulu lwe-Grand Canyon: liyizindawo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo ezinezimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu. Lona okuthiwa yi-altitudinal zonation, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya, umswakama walo nesembozo somhlabathi zihluka kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Abamele izitshalo zendawo bahlukene kakhulu. Uma phansi komgogodla we-desert landscape of south-west of North America ( izinhlobo ezahlukene zeCacti , i-yucca, i-agave), khona-ke ezingeni lesipulayini nemithi yomjunipha, i-spruce kanye ne-fir, ukujwayela ukuphola.
Umlando kanye nokuheha kwe-Grand Canyon
Le ndawo yaziwa kumaNdiya aseMelika emakhulwini eminyaka edlule. Lokhu kuboniswa yimidwebo yamadwala yasendulo.
Bavula abantu baseYurophu baseSpain: okokuqala ngo-1540, iqembu lamasosha aseSpain, elalifuna igolide, lazama ukwehla phansi kwe-canyon, kodwa lalingekho lutho. Futhi kakade ngo-1776 kwakukhona abapristi ababili ababefuna indlela eya eCalifornia. Umzila wokuqala wokucwaninga e-Colorado Plateau, lapho i-Grand Canyon itholakala khona, kwakuwukuhambela kwesayense kaJohn Powell ngo-1869.
Namuhla, i-Grand Canyon iyingxenye yepaki kazwelonke yegama elifanayo, elisendaweni yase-Arizona. Phakathi kwezinto ezikhangayo zendawo zivelela ubuhle nobuhle bayo Bukans-Stone, Fern Glen Canyon, Shiva Temple nezinye. Eziningi zazo zitholakala engxenyeni eningizimu ye-canyon, okuyinto evame kakhulu kuneyona enyakatho. Kulezi zikhangisi ezenziwe ngumuntu kungabonwa kuphela - isikhala sesikhumbuzo esibhalwe phansi ezizweni zaseNdiya, kubiza le ndawo indawo yabo (uZuni, Navajo no-Apache).
Ungafika kanjani ku-Grand Canyon e-USA?
Kulula ukufika e-canyon esuka e- Las Vegas , futhi lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana: ngokuqasha imoto noma ukuyala uhambo ngebhasi, indiza noma ngisho ne-helicopter. Ukungena kuGrand Canyon kudinga cishe ama-dollar ayi-US, kusebenza izinsuku ezingu-7, ngesikhathi
Abathandi abakhulu bafika eGrand Canyon ukuze bahlasele phansi uMfula iCoronto ngezingxenyana ezingasetshenziswa. Ezinye izinto zokungcebeleka zendawo zitholakala emgodini we-mules kanye ne-helicopter excursion phezu komfula. Izivakashi eziningi eziqaphile ziyamenywa ukuba zihlole i-canyon kusuka kwelinye lamapulatifomu okubuka: okuthandwa kakhulu yi-Skywalk, okuyiwona ongaphansi kwengilazi. Ngaphambilini, kuma-40-50s ekhulwini lokugcina, okubizwa ngokuthi izindiza ezibonakalayo ezindizeni zokugibela phezu kweGrand Canyon zazidumile, kodwa ngemva kokushayisana okukhulu kwezindiza ezimbili ngo-1956, zavinjelwa.