Ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwetafula le-periodic, i-germanium yayingakavuli, kodwa uMendeleev wabikezela ukuthi ikhona. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-15 umbiko, i-mineral engaziwa itholakala kwelinye lezimayini zeFreiberg, ngo-1886 isici esisha saziwa kuso. I-merit ingeyomkhakha wamakhemikhali waseJalimane u-Winkler, owanikeza leli qembu igama lezwe lakubo. Ngisho nezindawo eziningi eziwusizo ze-germanium, phakathi kwazo okwakukhona indawo nokukhwabanisa, yayisetshenziswa kuphela ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, futhi ayisebenzi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngisho namanje akukwazi ukusho ukuthi lesi sici sesifunde kahle, kodwa amanye amakhono ayo asevele afakazelwe futhi asetshenziswe ngempumelelo.
Ukuphulukisa izindawo ze-germanium
Ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile, lesi sici asikwenzeka, isabelo saso sinzima kakhulu, ngakho lapho ithuba lokuqala lithathwa khona yizinto ezingabizi. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziselwa ama-diodes nama-transistors, kodwa i-silicon yayingcono futhi ifinyeleleke, ngakho-ke ukuqhubeka kwamakhemikhali we-germanium kwaqhubeka. Manje liyingxenye yama-alloythrikhi asetshenzisiwe asetshenziswa kumadivayisi we-microwave, ubuchwepheshe be-infrared.
Imithi yayinesithakazelo esithombeni esisha, kodwa imiphumela ephawulekayo yatholwa kuphela ngasekugcineni kwe-70 yezinkulungwane zekhulu lokugcina. Ochwepheshe baseJapane bakwazi ukuthola izakhi zokuphefumula ze-germanium nokuchaza izindlela zesicelo sabo. Ngemuva kokuvivinya ngezilwane nokubona komtholampilo komphumela kubantu, kwatholakala ukuthi isici sinamandla oku:
- khuthaza ukuzivikela ;
- ukuhambisa i-oksijeni kumathissi;
- ukulwa nezicubu;
- ukwandisa ukuqhutshwa kwemizwa yezinzwa.
Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokusetshenziswa yi-toxicity ye-germanium emithini enkulu, ngakho-ke isidakamizwa sasidinga ukuthi sibe nomthelela omuhle ezinkambisweni ezithile emzimbeni onokulimala okuncane. Owokuqala waba "i-Germanium-132", eyasiza ekuthuthukiseni isimo somzimba womzimba, kusiza ekugwemeni ukungabi khona kwe-oxygen uma kwenzeka ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin. Futhi, ukuhlolwa kuye kwabonisa umphumela we-element ekukhiqizeni i-interferons elwa namaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha (amathumba). Inzuzo iboniswa kuphela lapho igcinwe ngaphakathi, ukugqoka ubucwebe nge-germanium ngeke ibe nomthelela.
Ukuntuleka kwe-germanium kunciphisa ikhono lemvelo lomzimba ukulwa namathonya angaphandle, okuholela ekuphukeni okuhlukahlukene. I-dose yansuku zonke ephakanyisiwe i-0.8-1.5 mg. Ungathola isici esidingekayo ngokusebenzisa njalo ubisi, i-saumon, utamatisi ujusi , amakhowe, u-garlic nobhontshisi.