I-HIV ne-AIDS yizifo ezingelapheki, kodwa ukuqhubeka kwazo kunganciphisa ngokusebenzisa ukungena kwempilo ekhethekile. Ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral ehlanganisiwe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezintathu noma ezine kuye ngesigaba sesifo kanye nesilinganiso esivezwe udokotela.
Usebenza kanjani ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral?
I-immunodeficiency virus ine-mutagenicity ephezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyamelana kakhulu nemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene futhi uyakwazi ukushintsha i-RNA yayo, ukwakha izinguquko ezintsha ezenzekayo. Le ndawo igxilisa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ne-AIDS, njengoba amangqamuzana e-pathogenic avumelana ngokushesha kakhulu nezidakamizwa ezithathwe.
I-antiretroviral therapy iyinhlanganisela yemithi ehlukene engu-3-4, ngayinye ephethe isimiso esikhethekile sesenzo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha izidakamizwa eziningana kunikezela ukucindezelwa hhayi kuphela uhlobo oluyinhloko lwegciwane, kodwa nanoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwalo okwakhiwa ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa lesi sifo.
Ngabe i-antiretroviral imithi inikezwe nini?
Ngokwemvelo, ekuqaleni ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV kuqala, kungaba ngcono ukuyeka ukuqhubeka kwegciwane, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nokulindela impilo yesiguli. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo ngokuvamile aziqondakali, ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kumisiwe eminyakeni engama-5-6 emva kokutheleleka, ezimweni ezingavamile le nkathi yanda iminyaka eyi-10.
Izidakamizwa zokwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral kakhulu
Imithi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba:
1. Ama-inhibitors we-reverse transcriptase (i-nucleoside):
- I-Videx;
- I-Tenofovir;
- I-Kivex;
- I-Retrovir;
- Abacavir;
- Zerit;
- Lamivudine;
- Trivizir;
- Emtriva.
2. I-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
- I-Viramune;
- I-Stockrin;
- I-Delavirdine.
3. I-protease inhibitors:
- Indinavir;
- Kaletra;
- I-Aptivus;
- Ukucabangela;
- I-Ritonavir;
- Reyataz;
- Presista;
- I-Nelfinavir;
- Okufanayo;
- Telzir.
Ama-inhibitors we-fusion ayingxenye entsha kunazo zonke yezidakamizwa zokwelashwa okusebenzayo ngezidambisigciwane. Kuze kube manje umuthi owodwa kuphela owaziwa yi-Fuzeon noma i-Enfuvirtide.
Imiphumela emibi ye-antiretroviral therapy
Imiphumela engeyona engozini:
- ukuqhuma isikhumba;
- ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla;
- i-lipodystrophy;
- i-hyperlipidemia;
- ukumelana ne-insulin;
- i-lipoatrophy;
- i-pathology ye-central central nerve system.
Imiphumela embi:
- izinso zezinso ;
- ukucindezelwa komnyofu wethambo;
- i-necrosis yesibindi;
- i-lactic acidosis;
- I-Fanconi syndrome;
- i-pancreatitis;
- i-hypersensitivity;
- I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome.