Yonke into esinika abantu ngabanye, umbala wamehlo, izinwele nethoni yesikhumba, ikhona ngenxa yobukhona be-melanin emasethini. Ukungabikho kwayo kuyisifo sokubeletha kohlobo lokuzalwa. I-albin inabantu ayiyona into evamile, izuza njengefa kubazali, ikakhulukazi uma bobabili bephethe izakhi zofuzo eziguquguqukayo.
Izinhlobo nezimbangela ze-albinism
Ukwenziwa kwe-melanin kungenxa ye-enzyme ekhethekile - i-tyrosinase. Ukuvinjelwa kokuthuthukiswa kwawo kungabangela ukungabi nalutho ngokuphelele kwe-pigment noma ukuntuleka kwayo, okuyinto eyenza u-albinism.
Izindlela zefa lelesi sifo zihlukaniswe zibe uhlobo lwe-autosomal oludumile kanye ne-autosomal. Kuye ngohlobo, i-pathology ihlukaniswa kanje:
- I-albinism ehlukile . Ukwenza lesi sifo sibonakale, kwanele ukuba nomzali oyedwa abe nesakhi sofuzo.
- Ubuningi be-albinism . Kutholakale kuphela lapho bobabili ubaba nomama benesisindo sokuguqula i-DNA.
- I-albinism engaphelele . Izuzwe njenge-autosomal ephezulu kanye ne-autosomally ngokweqile.
Ngokuhambisana nemibonakaliso yemitholampilo, kunesifo se-ophthalmic and eye type of pathology. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe
I-albinism ye-Eye
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lungaphandle lungabonakali. Kubonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukunciphisa amandla okubukwa;
- i-strabismus ;
- i-nystagmus - ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi kwezamehlo.
Isikhumba nezinwele zihlala zijwayelekile noma zikhanya kancane kunezozihlobo.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abantu kuphela abathinteka yi-albinism ye-eye, kuyilapho abesifazane besithwala kuphela.
Oculomotor albinism noma i-HCA
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-albinism ebhekwayo:
- I-HCA 1. Leli fomu libhekwa njengeqenjana A (i-melanin ayitholakali nhlobo) futhi B (i-melanin ikhiqizwa ngokwanele okwanele). Esikhathini sokuqala, izinwele nesikhumba akuzona neze ezigcobile (ezimhlophe), ukuthintana nelanga kubangela ukushisa, iris ibala, umbala wamehlo ubonakala obomvu ngenxa yemithwalo yegazi eguquguqukayo. Uhlobo lwesibili luhambisana nokuhlunga okwebuthakathaka esikhunjeni, okwandisa ngobudala, kanye nobukhulu bombala wezinwele, iris;
- HCA 2. Okuwukuphela kwesici esiyingxenye yesikhumba esimhlophe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlanga lwesiguli. Ezinye izimpawu ziyahlukahluka - izinwele eziphuzi noma ezibomvu-obomvu, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukubonakala kwezingxenyana ezindaweni zokuxhumana zesikhumba ngelanga;
- I-HCA 3. Uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lwe-albinism ngezibonakaliso ezingavamile. Isikhumba, njengomthetho, sinomhubhe ophuzi noma obomvu, njengezinwele. Amehlo - ama-bluish-brown, nama-acuity ebonakalayo ahlala evamile.