Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphahla kwendlu yangasese, enezici zayo, izinzuzo nezimo ezimbi. Kubalulekile ukuqala ucabange ngalesi sakhiwo sonke ukuba unakekele ukuqiniswa okudingekayo, ukuthungwa okushisayo kanye namanye amaphuzu abalulekile. Ukuze ugqoke, ungasebenzisa izinto ezihlukene.
Izinhlobo zophahla zendlu yangasese
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemiklamo emakethe eyahlukahluka ezihlukahlukene. Uma ukhetha, kubalulekile ukugxila kwimingcele elandelayo: ukuklama okufisa, intengo efanele, ukuqina nokungabikho kobunzima ekukhuliseni isakhiwo. Zonke izinhlobo zamapulangwe zendlu yangasese zidinga ukuhlolwa kokuqala ukucabangela umthwalo emahlathini nesisekelo, futhi wenze ukulinganisa okufanele okudingekayo ekwakheni izinto zokwakha nezindawo zokuphahla.
Uphahla lwendlu
Isakhiwo sinomthamo owodwa noma umgwaqo ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sonke futhi ngaphansi kwawo akunakwenzeka ukuhlomisa isikhala se-attic futhi unikeze ukuvalwa kokushisa okugcwele. Ukusekelwa yizindonga ezimbili. Uphahla olulodwa olubhekiswe kwindlu yangasese lunenzuzo enjalo:
- Umhlangano olula nokufakwa, ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe ngaphandle kosizo lwabachwepheshe.
- Ngesikhathi sokusebenza akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukulungiswa okusheshayo kungenziwa.
- Ngenxa yokungabi khona kwezakhi ezicindezelekile, ukugqoka okuphansi kuyabonakala.
- Ukubeka lolu hlobo lophahla lwendlu yangasese akudingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
Uphahla lwegable ekhaya
Lo mklamo uhlanganisa imigwaqo emibili elinganayo, exhaswe ngamacala amabili ezindongeni zokuthwala, nakwezinye izinhlangothi ezimbili, ukugcizelela kwenziwa enqabeni. Ngokungafani nokugijima okukodwa, le ndlela ikhiphe futhi iyasebenza. Ukukhudlwana kwendawo yendlu, kwandisa ukuthambekela kokulinganisa nobukhulu bemithambeka. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi uphahla luni oluhle ekhaya langasese, ake sibheke izinzuzo zombono wezigaba ezimbili:
- Ungakwazi ukuhlomisa i-attic noma i-attic.
- Esikhathini se-attic, ungafaka uhlelo lokushisa nokuphuza umoya.
- Ubuso ngokushesha futhi ngokungahambisani nokuqeda iqhwa namanzi.
- Ukuphakamisa izinhlobo ezinjalo zokuphahla kwendlu evamile kulula futhi awudingi ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe. Ukulungisa nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi.
Uphahleni olunamaphiko ekhaya
Leli gama liqondwa njengokwakhiwa kwemithambeka emine, kanti labo abasemaphethelweni banomumo wesigxathu ngezinhlangothi ezilinganayo, kanti ezinye ezimbili zihlobo lwe-trapezium. Iziqongo zivaliwe yi-ridge, futhi ezinhlangothini zisetshenziselwa izimbambo ezithambekele - umlenze. Leli fomu lokuphahla izindlu zangasese linamathuba anjalo:
- Umklamo uhlehlisiwe, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukumelana nemimoya yempumputhe.
- Ungakwazi ukufaka ama-overhangs amakhulu, okuzovikela ama-facades ukusuka emvula. Ingqikithi iyabulala ngokulinganayo.
- Uma wakha, ungasebenzisa ama-angles ahlukene ophahleni. Kuvunyelwe ukubeka izidumbu kuwo.
Ngokuqondene nezinkinga, izinhlobo ezinjalo zokuphahla kwendlu yangasese kunzima ukufaka nokwenza izibalo zokuklama. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kuyoba nemfucuza eminingi yokuphahleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphela kwezimoto kunciphisa kancane indawo ye-attic. Uma sicabangela ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lezici, isisindo sesakhiwo sanda kakhulu, ngakho isisekelo kumele sibe namandla.
Uphahla oluphezulu lwekhaya
Lolu khetho lusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kunesimo esincane semvula. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezinokwethenjelwa ukuze kungabi nokuvuza, futhi kubalulekile ukuhlela ama-gutters. Kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo isimo sokugxila nokuvinjelwa kwamanzi. Uhlobo olunjalo lwamaphahla izindlu lunamathuba anjalo:
- Izindleko ezincishisiwe zokuthenga izinto zokwakha.
- Inqubo yokufaka ilula futhi yenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane.
- Ukulungisa ukulungisa nokulondoloza akulula.
- Kuphahleni oluphahleni ungakwazi ukufaka imishini ehlukene, isibonelo, ama-air conditioners, amapaneli elanga nokunye.
- Kusenhla ungakwazi ukuhlela ithala elivulekile, indawo yokudlala kanye nokushisa okushisa.
Amapayipi aphukile ekhaya
Uma kunesifiso sokusebenzisa ikhaya lakho ngokulinganisa futhi ukwandise isikhala, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise uphahla oluphukile . Ukuphakama ekamelweni lokungcebeleka kungafinyelela ku-220 cm. Uphahleni oluphukile lwendlu yangasese kumele libe nokuphumula okusebenza kahle. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto eziwusizo nge-gravity encane. Yenza le ndlela, ukushisa nokuvinjelwa kwamanzi kunzima kakhulu. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
- ingakhiwa esakhiweni esidala;
- amathuba okusebenzisa i-attic kanye nenhlangano ye-attic;
- kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa.
Indlu yendlu ene-attic
Ngaphezulu kwendlu, uma uthanda, ungakha elinye igumbi, futhi isakhiwo sokuqhakazila singasungulwa ngokugcwele noma ngokukodwa ngophahla. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuphakama kwephayili okungenani ngu-2.5 m, futhi akufanele kuthathe indawo engaphansi kwama-50% endaweni. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphahla zendlu yangasese ene-attic zinezinzuzo ezinjalo:
- Ukulinganisa okukhulu kokusebenzisa isikhala ngaphansi kophahla. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlela ikamelo elengeziwe.
- Ungakha ingaphakathi yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-attic .
- Kuncishisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ophahleni.
Zonke izinhlobo zokuphahla zendlu yangasese zineziphambeko zabo, futhi i-attic ayiyona into. Ngezinga elikhulu lokhu kubhekane nokubunzima kokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo. Ukuze uhlele igumbi, kufanele unakekele ukushisa nokungena kwamanzi. Ukuphila okuphephile kumele kuqinisekiswe. Kubalulekile ukuklama ngokucophelela iphrojekthi bese ucabanga ngekhwalithi yokuphuza umoya.
Izinhlobo zokuphahla uphahla lendlu yangasese
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi cishe zonke izinto zokwakha zingasetshenziswa ukumboza isakhiwo esisha. Uma ukhetha, kubalulekile ukugxila ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile futhi lokhu kusebenza ensimini yesicelo. Uma isakhiwo singesisha, kubalulekile ukunakekela amandla esakhiwo kanye nezindonga ngokwazo. Ukumboza uphahla lendlu kumele kukhethwe ukucabangela uhlobo lokwakhiwa nokuhlanganisa, isisindo, amandla okusebenza, ukuphila komsebenzi, ukumelana nokucindezeleka nokubukeka.
Uphahla lwensimbi ekhaya
Lolu khetho lufanelekile ophahleni oluvamile kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezintambo. Ngokuba uphahla lisebenzisa i-zinc, ithusi, i-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali nanjalonjalo. Izinto zokwakheka kwendlu zinezinzuzo ezimbalwa:
- inokwethenjelwa futhi ihlala njalo;
- ukungabi nomlilo nokungahloniphi;
- kulula ukufakwa;
- elula futhi ekhangayo;
- kuzosebenza isikhathi esiningi;
- idlulisela izimo zezulu ezahlukene;
- unempahla engavamile;
- ububanzi bombala obanzi;
- efanelekayo imiklamo ehlukene.
Uphahleni lwensimbi lunamathuba amabi:
- umsindo owandayo ngesikhathi sezulu;
- isondlo sokuvimbela njalo kubalulekile;
- udinga ukufaka izikhonkwane;
- ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathelwe ukuthungwa okushisayo;
- Uma ufaka izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinto eziningi zilahlekile.
Ukumboza uphahla lendlu - ukuphahlazeka okuguquguqukayo
Ukuze kusetshenziswe " uphahla olushelelayo " kusetshenziswe i-fiberglass eqinile futhi uhlaka lwe-bitumen enezithasiselo lisetshenziswa kuwo, ngenxa yokuthi ubuso buba namandla futhi buphikisana nokulimala komshini kanye nemiphumela ye-UV. Ikhwalithi yalolu phapha lugxile emanzini ase-basalt noma e-shale asetshenzisiwe. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha uphahla lwendlu yangasese, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinzuzo zento ngayinye futhi zinezinto ezinjengokukhwabanisa okuguquguqukayo:
- Ungahlobisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zephahla;
- ukufakwa ophahleni kulula futhi okusheshayo;
- ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi okuhle;
- ayesabi izinguquko zokushisa;
- Izinga eliphezulu lokusakaza umsindo;
- ukumelana nokucindezeleka komshini;
- imibala ehlukahlukene yemidwebo nemidwebo;
- impilo yesikhathi eside.
Lolu hlobo lwephahla lendlu yangasese lunezimo ezithile ezingenakunakwa:
- Uma ipuleti eyodwa ibonakalisiwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi uchithe indawo yonke ophahleni, ngoba inqubo yokunamathela kwemvelo kwenzeka.
- Ukufakwa angeke kwenzeke emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-zero, ngoba ukungasebenzi kwe-adhesive layer kuyothathwa.
- Ukuphoqeleka ngaphansi kwephahla elithambile kuyisisekelo esiqinile seplywood, esinamanzi angenawo umswakama, futhi kufanelana ne-lath, okwandisa izindleko zokwakha.
I-Ruberoid yephahla lendlu
Enye yezinto ezithandwayo zokuphahleni, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo isisekelo sekhadibhodi, fiberglass, polyester nezinye izinto zihlanganiswe ne-bitumen enezithasiselo. Ubuso bungaba nokufafaza, inani elithinta inani. Ukunquma ukukhishwa okuhle kwephahla lendlu, izinzuzo ezikhona kufanele zicatshangelwe:
- ukukhokhela;
- ukuvimbela amanzi okuthembekile;
- lula ukufakwa;
- impilo enhle.
Zonke izinhlobo zophahla zendlu yangasese zinokulimaza futhi zinezinto ezilandelayo kokuqukethwe okuphahleni:
- emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, i-bitumine iba buthaka, futhi emazingeni okushisa aphansi iba yi-brittle;
- impahla ephansi yeplastiki;
- ngokushesha sehla ngaphansi kwethonya eliguquguqukayo lezinto ezihlukahlukene zemvelo;
- ishaywa kalula;
- izinto ezibukhali zingonakaliswa kalula.
Ukunquma uphahla lendlu
Lezi zinto ziyingqimba elincane lensimbi, i-aluminium noma insimbi engagqwali. Muva nje, uyathandwa kakhulu. Uprofesa ophahleni lendlu unenzuzo enjalo:
- ukuhlala;
- ukumelana okuhle nokushisa;
- isisindo esincane;
- ukufakwa kalula nokulula ukugcinwa;
- ukuphepha komlilo;
- intengo engabizi;
- ukubukeka okukhangayo;
- ububanzi bombala obanzi;
- ubungane bemvelo.
Uphahla olunjalo lwendlu eyodwa-izindlu noma izakhiwo eziningi zinezimo ezinzima:
- umsindo ngesikhathi sezulu;
- uma ungqimba oluvikelayo lonakalisiwe, ukubola kungenzeka
Amaphaneli ophahleni lendlu
Emazweni amaningi, ukwakha izindlu zangasese kusetshenziswe amakhemikhali e-CIP ("sandwich"). Zinesakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, phakathi nendawo lapho kukhona khona izinto zokushisa ezishisayo zesimanje, ezicindezelwe zombili zombili ngezinkuni, zensimbi, eplastiki noma emathini amagnesite. Lapho ucabanga ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani uphahla lendlu, kufanele uzijwayele izinzuzo ezikhona:
- ijubane eliphezulu lokufakwa;
- asidingi isisekelo esinamandla;
- ukufakwa kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka;
- Asikho isidingo sokuqeda imisebenzi;
- ukuthungela okuhle okushisa;
- ukuhlanzeka.
Uphahla olunjalo lwezindlu zokhuni noma esinye isakhiwo lunobungozi:
- kubalulekile ukunakekela ukungena kwamandla;
- kuyadingeka ukufaka umoya wokuphoqeleka ophoqelelwe.