Njengoba sekuyaziwa, igciwane lesandulela ngculazi likwazi ukushintshashintsha njalo, izinguquko ezijulile, futhi njalo ngonyaka ochwepheshe bezempilo banikeza izibikezelo ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zegciwane ezizohlasela abantu esikhathini esizayo. Cabanga ngolwazi lwesifo sengculaza 2014 - 2015, mayelana nezimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo.
Ukubikezelwa komkhuhlane ngo-2015
Ngokwezibikezelo zesifo somkhuhlane ngo-2015, izibhamu ezinkulu azilindelekile, kanti isimo sesifo sizobe sesizolile. Kodwa-ke, ungaphumuli: umkhuhlane ungomunye wezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezingahlasela noma yimuphi umuntu. Abantu abasengozini yokutheleleka ikakhulukazi abantu abane-immune system, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu asebekhulile, kanye nalabo ababhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezingelapheki (isifo sikashukela, i-asthma, isifo senhliziyo, amaphaphu, njll).
Ngonyaka wezi-2015, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-influenza kulindeleke ukuba zisebenze:
- I-H1N1 yi-subtype yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, elaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka ka-2009, lapho kubangele ubhubhane olukhulu. Lolu hlobo lwegciwane luyingozi ezinkingeni zalo, phakathi kwazo lapho i-sinusitis, i- pneumonia ne-arachnoiditis ngokuvamile ihlolwe ngayo.
- I-H3N2 yi-subtype ye-influenza ye-type A, eseyaziwa kakade kubantu bethu kusukela ngonyaka odlule, kodwa kubhekwa sengathi "incane". Lolu hlobo luyingozi ngenxa yolwazi lwaso olubi, futhi ukuthi lubangela izinkinga ezigulini eziningi ezihambisana nezilonda ezinzima.
- Igciwane le-Yamagata, elihlobene ne-influenza ye-type B amagciwane, nalo luhlobo olungaziwa, olunzima ukuluxilonga. Nokho, ngokusho kososayensi, akuvamile ukuthi kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu kubantu.
Izimpawu Zezikhuhlane 2015
Njengomthetho, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yesifo kubonakala ngemuva kwamahora angu-12-48 emva kokutheleleka. Izinkinga ezibikezelwe ngo-2015 zibhekiswe ekuphindaphindeni okusheshayo kumaseli e-epithelial wephethri yokuphefumula, isb. lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha, ngokoqobo phambi kwamehlo ethu.
Ukubonakaliswa okuphawulekayo nokuphawuleka komkhuhlane kungukushisa komzimba okuphakeme, okusheshayo kufinyelela ku-38-40 ° C futhi kuqhubeka okungenani izinsuku ezintathu. Ezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane 2015 zingabandakanya:
- izikhukhula;
- ikhanda;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- ukulila;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ama-aches emajoyini;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
- umuzwa wokuma emphuneni nasemphinjeni;
- Ukushushiswa emqaleni;
- ukoma, ukukhwehlela okunzima;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni;
- photophobia.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, umkhuhlane ubonakala okhuhlane.
Ukuvimbela nokwelapha umkhuhlane 2015
Njengamanye amagciwane omkhuhlane, isisindo esikhulu sokuvimbela ukugoma. Nakuba ukugoma kungakwazi ukuvikela ngokuphelele umuntu ekutheleleni, kusiza ekunciphiseni kakhulu lesi sifo, ukusheshisa ukuphola nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.
Futhi, ukuze uzivikele ekumelaneni nesifo, kufanele:
- Gwema ukuxhumana nabantu abanezibonakaliso zokutheleleka ngegciwane.
- Nciphisa ukuhambela izindawo ezinabantu abaningi.
- Qinisekisa ukuzivikela komzimba.
Uma ungakwazi ukugwema ukutheleleka, akufanele wenze imithi yokwelapha, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha. Kunconywa ukuba ugcine ukuphumula kombhede phakathi nesonto, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kumkhuhlane kungabandakanya ama-antiviral agents, antipyretic futhi anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulators. Ngokuvamile nge-influenza, amalungiselelo e-interferon wezenzo zendawo nezesistimu anconywa.