Angkor

• Ikheli: Charles De Gaulle, Siem Reap, eCambodia
• Indawo: amamitha ayi-200 square. km.
• Idethi yesisekelo : 802 g. e.
• Umsunguli: Jayavarman II
• Amahora wokuvula: 5.00-17.30
• Izindleko zokuvakashela: ama-dollar angu-20 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingu-40 kuya kwezintathu , 60 - ngesonto

Abahambi abaningi babheka i-Angkor Wat ukuba ibe ikhadi lokuvakashela laseCambodia . Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yamaHindu ethempelini, ngokusho kohlelo lwe-UNESCO olubhekwa njengezinto ezibalulekile zesintu esivela kuzo. Kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi lokhu kungengxenye yesifundazwe sangaphambili sezwe - i-Angkor, ngaphambili eyayiyinhloko ye-Khmer Empire. Kukhona emakhulwini e-IX - XV.

Igama lale ndawo, njengoba abacwaningi bakholelwa, livela egameni lesiSanskrit "nagara", okusho ukuthi "idolobha elingcwele". Isikhathi sokuchuma sase-Angkor eCambodia saqala ngo-802, lapho umbusi waseKhmer Jayavarman II ememezela amandla akhe angcwele futhi angenamkhawulo futhi empeleni wathuthela inhloko-dolobha kahulumeni lapha.

Iyini idolobha lasendulo lase-Angkor?

Esikhathini sethu le ndawo yokuhlala yasendulo ifana nomuzi wakudala, kodwa kunalokho ithempeli lomuzi. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sobukhosi baseKhmer cishe zonke izindlu nezakhiwo zomphakathi zakhiwa ngokusebenzisa izinkuni, futhi zibhujiswa ngokushesha kakhulu eshisayo esishisayo nomswakama ophezulu. Amanxiwa amathempeli wendawo asinda kahle kakhulu, ngoba awakhiwe kusukela e-sandstone. Izindonga zensimbi zakhiwa nge-tuff.

Manje amanxiwa asezindlini zethempeli lase-Angkor azungeze amahlathi ashisayo namazwe ezolimo. Zitholakala enyakatho yeLake Tonle Sap naseningizimu - kusukela e-Kulen Plateau, eduze kwedolobha lanamuhla le-Siem Reap esifundazweni igama elifanayo. Ibanga elisuka edolobheni kuya ezakhiweni zakudala cishe li-5 km.

Ubukhulu bomuzi wamathempeli e-Angkor buyamangalisa: ubude bayo kusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu yi-8 km, futhi kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga - 24 km. Abacwaningi basekuqaleni bazomangala ukuthi zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwa kulo zakhiwa ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamakhementi noma ezinye izinto ezibophezelayo. Amabhuloki amatshe kuwo ahlanganiswa uhlobo lokukhiya. Ngethula emathempelini wendawo kanye nengqondo yami: uma ubheka kusukela endizeni kuya endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi evela phezulu, kuba sobala ukuthi indawo yamathempeli ihambelana nesimo sezinkanyezi ku-constellation ye-Dragon ngosuku lwama-equinox e-vernal ekuseni ekuseni ngo-10500 BC. Lolu suku luhlotshaniswa nokujikeleza okujikelezayo kweNyakatho yaseNyakatho yasezulwini ephakathi nendawo ye-constellation, kodwa ukubaluleka kwalolu lungiso lwezakhiwo zeKhmers lasendulo aluqondwa ngokugcwele.

Kungcono kakhulu ukuhlola izakhiwo zethempeli?

Ukuze ujwayele zonke izinto ze-Angkor, ngolunye usuku ngeke ube ngokwanele. Kodwa-ke, uma ulinganiselwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungahle ulandele uhambo oluzungeza uMncintiswano Omncane ukubona izindawo ezingcwele. Ubude bomzila buzoba cishe ngu-20 km. Uma ukhetha ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele emlandweni waseCambodia futhi uhlanganiswe nesiko lawo, hlala lapha ngezinsuku ezimbili. Ngosuku lwesibili uzofunda mayelana nokubukeka kwamathempeli ama-Great Circle ahlakazeke endaweni yamamitha ayi-square ayisithupha. km., futhi ngosuku lwesithathu lunganikezwa ekuhloleni izikhumbuzo ezikude zendawo zokwakha zasendulo.

Imali yokungena yesayithi yokukhanga ingu-$ 20 ngosuku, i-$ 40 ngezinsuku ezintathu kanye ne-$ 60 yesonto. Amathikithi awavumelekile ukuvakashela amathempeli eBang Meala, Koh Kehr nasePnom Kulen, ukuze ungene lapho okumele ukhokhe khona ngokulandelana, ama-dollar angu-5, 10 no-20. Ukuhamba ngesithombe sakho kwenziwa khona lapho, emnyango wethempeli. Ungabathenga nabo emnyango wesibini, lapho abashayeli bezimoto ezihamba emgwaqweni oholela eBanteay Srey kanye nesibhuloho kudlulela edolobheni "elifile".

Uhlu lwezakhiwo ze-Angkor eCambodia

Esigabeni, uma uhlala unyaka-dolobha waseKhmer wasendulo, futhi manje ungabona amanxiwa agcinwe kahle amaHindu namaBuddhist izakhiwo ezingcwele. Phakathi kwabo singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlaka ezinjalo:

1. Amathempeli ase-Angkor Wat. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo zibhekwa njengezikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke wamaHindu anikezelwe kunkulunkulu uVishnu. Umehluko omkhulu wethempeli kuba khona kuwo amazinga amathathu, ngoba uqukethe izindawo eziningana ezigciniwe ezigxotshiwe, ezibandakanya amagumbi angama-3 angama-rectangular. Zixhunyiwe omunye nomunye ngezithombe zemibukiso ngendlela yesiphambano futhi ziphakama ngaphezu kwesinye, zakha ipiramidi yesigaba esithathu.
2. Phnom-Bakheng. Leli lelinye lamathempeli okuqala akhiwe lapha ku-9-10 eminyaka. Kuyinto isakhiwo emihlanu-tiered, ehlotshiswe imibhoshongo eminingi.
3. Angkor Thom (ekuhunyushweni "idolobha elikhulu"). Lona yi-citadel ebaluleke kunazo zonke edolobheni nasemkhatsini wezakhiwo zethempeli. Esendaweni engcwele ungabona ithala lezindlovu, i-pyramid ye-three-tier Bayon, iSango Lokunqoba, ithala lokugcoba ngezintambo, amabhuloho amatshe, njll.
4. Ithempeli laseBayon , eliyingxenye yezakhi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ezakhiweni zethempeli lase-Angkor eCambodia ngenxa yenkinga yokuqala yokwakha. Lesi sakhiwo esisezingeni lesithathu esinesigqoko semibhoshongo yesigcawu sezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ohlangothini ngalunye lapho ubuso bomatshe bude bubekwe khona.
5. I-monastery ye-Pre-Kan, ehlanganisa amathempeli kaTa-Som ne-Nik-Pin (i-XII leminyaka).
6. I-Banteil-Kdei .
7. I-Ta-Prom, engakaze ilahlekelwe ubuqiniso bayo emakhulwini eminyaka edlule.
8. I-Bakong, ibhekwa njengendlela yokuqala yokwakha ithempeli lentaba.
9. UBanteay-Srey , odumile ngenxa yezintandokazi zakhe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
10. Phnom Kulen.
11. Koh Ker.
12. Beng Meala.
13. Chau Sei Tevoda.
14. Thomannon.
15. I-Ta Keo.
16. Prasat Kravan.
17. East Mebon.
18. Pre Rup.
19. Lowo Som Som.
20. I-Neak Pean .
21. Preah Kahn.

Amathempeli okugcina amahlanu ayingxenye ye-Great Circle, isb. kufakwe emgwaqweni othile wezokuvakasha, okufaka phakathi, nakwezinye izindawo ezingcwele ze-Circle Small.

Ungangena kanjani e-Angkor?

Ngaphambi kokuqala, kufanelekile ukuthola ukuthi i-Angkor ingubani. Idolobha liyi-6 km enyakatho ye-Siem Reap kanye ne-240 km entshonalanga yeFnom Penh. Indlela elula ukuqasha imoto noma i-tuk-tuk ngqo ehhotela, okuzokuthatha ngqo ekungeneni kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngesivumelwano futhi uzokwazi ukushayela indima yayo. Ukuqasha i-tuk-tuk kuzokukhokhela ama-dollar angu-10 kuya kwangu-20, ngokuzenzakalela ku- $ 25 ngosuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uzokujabulela ithuba lokuhlela ngokuzimela uhlelo lokubona, futhi ungaxhomeki, isibonelo, esimisweni sebhasi.

Amathiphu awusizo

Lapho uvakashela idolobha lasendulo elahlekile ehlathini, umuntu kufanele alalele amathiphu alandelayo:

1. Qinisekisa ukuthi uthatha amamephu nokuqondisa ukugwema ukulahleka. Indawo yesakhiwo sethempelini inkulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ngaphandle kokuqondisa ungabe usengozini yokugijima ngaphandle kwamahora ambalwa.
2. Thenga ukuthengwa kwezinambuzane zasendaweni ezivela emanzini ukuze uthole induduzo eyengeziwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku noma ubusuku ngesikhathi sokuvakasha.
3. Eduzane namathempeli ungathenga ukudla, iziphuzo, i-ayisikhilimu kanye nobhiya, kodwa akukho mimoya. Ngakho-ke, ukubeka imali kuma-kilograms okudla, uma uhlela ukuvakasha, akufanelekile.
4. Gqoka izingubo ezenziwe ngendwangu ekhanyayo nephundukile, kanye nezitshalo zokudoba. Emva kwakho konke, kufanele uphakamise isakhiwo esisodwa ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga elishisayo. Ungaziphazamisi nezibuko zokubukela, isicu esinjengesikhwama somshini kanye ne-raincoat uma kwenzeka.