Njengoba kuyaziwa, igazi lomuntu liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-plasma nezakhi ezibunjwa - i-erythrocytes, i-leukocytes, amaplatelets. Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kukuvumela ukuba uhlulele isimo sezempilo sokuqukethwe okwanele kwamaseli egazi kanye nezingxenye zawo, ukuxilonga ama-pathologies amaningi avamile. Ngokuyinhloko, isignali ngezinkinga emzimbeni ingaba okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwamaplatelet egazini.
Umsebenzi weplatelet kanye nokujwayelekile kwabo egazini
Ama-platelet amancane amangqamuzana, ama-denucléarized (amacwecwe egazi), okuyizingxenye ze-cytoplasm yamangqamuzana athile omnyo we-bone - ama-megakaryocytes. Ukwakhiwa kwamaplatelet kwenzeka emnothweni wethambo, emva kwalokho bangena egazini.
La maseli egazi adlala indima ebalulekile - ahlinzekwe ngegazi (kanye namanye amaprotheni e-plasma). Ngenxa yamaplatelets, lapho izindonga zemikhumbi zilimazekile, kukhishwa izici zokugcoba, ukuze isitsha esonakalisiwe sigubungulwe nge-clot (clot). Ngakho, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyama futhi umzimba uvikelwe ekulahlekelweni kwegazi.
Muva nje, sekuye kwaqalwa ukuthi amaplatelet nawo ahlanganyela ekuvuselelweni kwezicubu ezithintekile, ekhulula okuthiwa yizici ezikhulayo ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamaselula.
Ama-platelet ahlala kuphela izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-10, avuselelwe njalo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokucubungula amapuleletti amadala kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezintsha kuyindlela eqhubekayo emzimbeni womuntu onempilo. Ukuqukethwe okuvamile kwamaplatelet ku-litre yegazi elidala kuhluka phakathi kwama-180 - 320 × 109 amaseli. Lapho ibhalansi phakathi kokwakhiwa kwamaseli amasha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza kuphazamiseka, kuphakama izifo.
Amaplatelet aphakanyisiwe egazini - izimbangela
Inombolo ekhuphukile yamaplatelet egazini kubangele ukwanda kwe-thrombosis nokuvalwa kweminye yegazi. Lesi simo se-pathological sibhekwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytosis futhi sihlukaniswe sibe izinhlobo ezimbili-eziyinhloko neziyisisekelo.
I-thrombocytosis eyinhloko ihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kabi kwamangqamuzana omnyo, okwenza kube nokwanda okukhulu kwenani lamaplateletshi egazini. Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwegazi kungabonisa ukuthi amaplatelets akhuliswa ku-800 - 1200 × 109 amaseli / l nokuningi. Njengomthetho, i-thrombocytosis eyinhloko ifunyanwa ngengozi, ngoba ezimweni eziningi, ukukhubazeka akubonakali ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo. Kuphela kwezinye izimo izimpawu ezilandelayo zingabonwa:
- ikhanda;
- ukukhipha isisu;
- ukuphuma (isisu, uterine, njll);
- isikhumba se-cyanotic ithoni, njll.
Amanethi ephakethe ephaketheni egazini nge-thrombocytosis yesibili angabangelwa yizici zomzimba nezifo. Njengomthetho, nge-thrombocytosis yesibili, inani lamaplatelets alingekho kuka-1000 × 109 amaseli / litre.
Izimbangela zesimo senani elikhulayo lamaplatele egazini lingase:
- ukunqanda ngokomzimba;
- ukwandisa i-adrenaline egazini;
- ukukhulelwa.
Izimbangela ezibonakalayo ezenza ukuba inani leplatelet elikhuphuka egazini ngokuvamile lilandelayo:
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo nezivuthayo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, ama-parasites (isibindi, isibindi, isibindi, i-thrush, i-encephalitis, njll).
- Ukuphuma kwangaphakathi.
- Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa nokulimala komzimba.
- I-Sarcoidosis iyisifo sokuvuvukala kwesistimu lapho izitho ezithile kanye nezinhlelo (ikakhulukazi amaphaphu) zithinteka ekubunjweni kwezingqimba (ama-nodules) kuzo.
- Ukususwa kwe-spleen - isitho esithatha isabelo ekulahleni amaplatelet endala, futhi okugcina cishe amaphesenti angama-30 e-platelet yegazi.
- Umonakalo omkhulu wamathisipulini owenziwe nge-pancreatitis noma izicubu ze-necrosis.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iron emzimbeni.
- Izifo ezingokwemvelo.
- Ukwamukela imithi ethile.