Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zifuna ukuba nomkhiqizo wazo, ukulima nokuzinakekela zenziwa ngokucabangela ezinye izici. Lesi sitshalo siyashintsha ngempumelelo kunoma yiziphi izimo futhi sisakazeke emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi emazingeni aphansi. Amasiko ahlonishwa njengomhlinzeki obalulekile wevithamini C.
Incazelo yeLeek -
I-leek yensimu iyinhlangano ye-herbaceous biennial enobude obuyi-0.4 kuya ku-1 m. Kusukela ku-tuber yamanga, ikhula isitshalo esimhlophe esingaphansi (ingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke yesitshalo enambitheka kalula) kanye nenani elikhulu lamaqabunga ama-long lateolate ahlelwe ku-fan. Umbala wabo u-emerald noma i-bluish. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, i-milk floret isakhiwe esitshalweni, imbewu yokuvuthwa iminyaka emibili ivuthwa. I-leek ibinamakhaza, ikhuphuke eningizimu yenziwa ngokutshala imbewu emhlabathini, enyakatho - ngosizo lwezithombo. Amasiko athokoza umswakama nama-hibernate ngesikhathi sokufudumala nge-sawdust noma peat.
Izinhlobo ze-Leek - izinhlobo
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwamahlumela kunganikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvuthwa:
- Ukuqala okuqoqiwe ngo-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, kuvuthwe izinsuku ezingu-150, amaqabunga awanamanzi, angaba ngu-3 cm ububanzi.
- Ngemuva kwesikhathi - isivuno sokuvuna ngo-Okthoba, sikhula izinsuku ezingu-180, imilenze ibanzi kuze kube ngu-7 cm ngaphesheya.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zama-anyanisi ama-leeks, ukulima nokunakekelwa okungeke kulethe izinkinga ezikhethekile:
- I-Jolant - ekuqaleni, imelana nezifo ezifayo;
- I-Casimir - ekuqaleni, i-compact, ngokukhiqiza okukhulayo;
- I-Tango - ekuqaleni, i-frost-eqinile, ivumela;
- I-Columbus - izinhlobo zokukhula zakuqala, ukugcoba isiqu akudingi ukuphakama;
- I-carrantan - ukuhluka kwelanga emva kokunambitheka okumnandi, izinga le-stem lifinyelela ku-25 cm;
- Indlovu - isikhathi sekwephuzile, isithwathwa nesomiso, esinamagatsha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esembozwe nge-wax;
- I-giant ekwindla iphuzile ngonyawo omkhulu kuze kube ngu-40 cm ubude no-8 cm ngaphesheya.
Amahlumela - ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ezindaweni eziningi ungaba nehlombe lakho, ukulima nokunakekelwa kwenzelwa imbewu noma ngosizo lwezithombo kuncike esifundeni. Inhlabathi embhede ohlwanyelwe idinga ukungathathi hlangothi. Kulokhu, i-lime yengeziwe emhlabeni we-asidi, futhi i-peat yengezwa emhlabathini we-alkali. Ekwindla insimu ifakwe umquba - 6-8 kg nge 1 sq. M. Abadinga isiko kufanele babe amazambane, isitshalo seqanda, ithanga. I-leek iluthando lelanga, ukutshala nokukhula lwenziwa endaweni evulekile, enokuningi kokukhanya, kude nezihlahla. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi isatshalaliswa nge-humus - 3 kg nge-1 sq.m.
Ukukhula kwama-leeks ama-leeks ngokusebenzisa izithombo
Ezingxenyeni ezizungezile iziqu zama-leeks zisetshenziswa, ukulima kuqala ngamagama alandelayo:
- maphakathi noFebruwari - emabhokisini akhethekile efasiteleni;
- maphakathi no-Ephreli - ku-greenhouse;
- ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ngaphansi kwe-cellophane engadini.
Imithetho yokunakekela izithombo:
- inqubo idinga amabhokisi noma amakhasethi we-peat;
- imbewu ngaphambi kokuhluma ihluma phezu kwe-gauze emanzi izinsuku ezingu-2-3;
- imbewu igxiliwe yi-1 cm, itshalwe emigqeni ngezikhathi eziyi-5 cm komunye nomunye, isinyathelo esiphakathi kwembewu ka-2 cm;
- ngaphambi kokuba kuhlume, ukuchelela kwenziwa nsuku zonke (ngaphandle kokuqhuma amanzi);
- ibhokisi okokuqala lihlanganiswe ne-cellophane, lifakwe endaweni ngezimo + 22-25 ° C;
- lapho unamaviki amane, uhlaza luwela emabhodini, kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli izithombo zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile - ukukhanya ngezibani. Lapho ukhula izithombo ezinhlakeni ze-peat, ukufakelwa akudingeki;
- izinga lokushisa emva kokuhluma kokuhluma lingama-20 ° C emini futhi ayikho ngaphezu kwe-14 ° C ebusuku. Uma igumbi lihlala lishisa, umcibisholo wembali ukhiwa unyaka wokuqala, hhayi okulandelayo;
- ukufika emhlabathini kwenziwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJune (izinsuku ezingama-60 emva kokuhlwanyela), ngokusungulwa kokushisa okuqhubekayo;
- izimpande zinyathelwe ebhodini lobumba, kanti isifanekiso ngasinye senziwa ngokujulile ngo-10 cm emthonjeni olungiselelwe.
AmaLeeks - okukhula kusuka kumbewu
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, isiko selitshalwe endaweni evulekile. Lapho ebuzwa, lapho utshalwa futhi uhlakulela ama-anyanisi amahlumela e-imbewu, abalimi banikeza iseluleko, bahlwanyela emva kukaMeyi 15. Imibhede evela ekwindla iyakhulelwa futhi ifakwe ifilimu emnyama yokufudumala. Isikhathi esiphezulu sehora sisisombululo se-potassium permanganate futhi sahluma izinsuku ezingu-2-3 kwesikhumba semvu, imbewu isitshala enhlabathini ngokwemigomo ye-15x15 cm emigqeni. Ukutshala kubomvu, kuhlanganiswe ne-cellophane ngaphambi kokuvela. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-leeks ahlwanyelwa ebusika ngoNovemba, ngakho-ke isayithi lihlanganiswa ngokucophelela nge- peat, sawdust, bese lifafazwe ngeqhwa. Izithombo zizovela entwasahlobo.
Ukunakekela ama-leeks
Ukuhlakulela i-leek eyisikhiye, ukunakekelwa kwezithombo kufaka isethi yenqubo yendabuko - ukuchelela okuhlelekile, ukusilalisa, ukuhlanzwa kokhula kumkhula, ukufaka umquba, ukuvikela izifo. Izinqubo ezengeziwe zokutshala izitshalo, okuvumela ukuthola isiqu esimhlophe, okuyinto ukufezeka okuyinhloko ehlathini:
- Izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi sokutshala izimila, isiko siyalinywa. Qala ukufafaza isihlahla nge-layer eyengeziwe enhlabathini phakathi kwehlobo, ukunakekelwa okunjalo kungokoqobo emva kokunisela, kanti ama-leeks ahlanganiswe ngotshani noma utshani obomile.
- Ukukhululeka kwenziwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwesiqu se-anyanisi sesifinyelele ubukhulu bepensela, i-padding ihlanganiswe ne-hilling.
- Ukuze uvikele isitshalo kwi-flyi onion, indawo ifafazwa ngothuli kagwayi noma umlotha, izaqathe zitshalwe eduze.
- Ukulwa nezifo ze-fungal (rust, powdery isikhutha ) i-phytosporin iyasiza. Ukuvimbela amaqabunga amaqabunga ayenziwa ngokusebenzisa imbewu engahlanjululwa yi-disinfected, ukususa ukhula. Endaweni eyodwa isitshalo singasetshala kaningi ngaphezu kweyodwa eminyakeni emine.
- Ukuvuna isivuno kuze kube sekushiseni kwe -5 ° C.
- Ukugcina kufakwe ebhokisini eliqondile esihlabathini kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Okuphawulekayo kwamahlumela akhulayo - ukuchelela
Ukunisela okunamandla kuyisihluthulelo sokukhula okusheshayo kwesitshalo, esizwela ngokuntuleka komswakama. Amalekhi - izimfihlo zokuphuza nokukhula:
- Izithombo azikwazi ukuswakanyiswa izinsuku zokuqala ezintathu emva kokutshala;
- kanye nokunakekelwa kokunakekelwa okwalandela kwenziwa njalo ngezinsuku ezinhlanu, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi afudumele ngamalitha angu-10 ngehora elilodwa le-sq. m yesakhiwo;
- lapho isomiso ukukhula kwesitshalo kumisiwe, emva kokunisela (angaphansi kwamalitha angama-20 kumitha eyodwa yendawo eyodwa) kuqaliswa;
- Ukunyuka kwamanzi emibhedeni akukwazi ukuvunyelwa - kubhubhisa izimpande;
- i-hydration ephumelelayo kakhulu yesitshalo - emifuleni;
- Ukwelapha okuxubile kwemigqa kunomthelela ekulondolozeni umswakama futhi kuvikela umhlabathi kumkhula.
Ukukhula kwama-leek ku-dacha-top dressing
Phakathi nenkathi, isiko sondliwa izikhathi eziningana, kuyilapho kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sitshalo sibheka kabi i-nitrogen - singabola, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sesitoreji eside. Amahloni eLeek - ukugqoka nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe:
- Emasontweni amathathu emva kokufika, kuyadingeka ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngesisombululo sama-20 g we- ammonium nitrate kanye no-15 g we-usawoti we-potassium ku-10 amalitha amanzi (inani lokufaka umanyolo lanele ngamamitha ayizi-4 endaweni).
- Ukudla kuyaphindwa njalo emavikini amabili.
- Phendula kahle i-leek ne-organic - isisombululo se- mullein (1: 8) noma ama-drop droppings (1:20).
- Ngaphambi kokuphakama kwekhasi ngalinye, 1 inkomishi yamapulangwe yengezwe emhlabathini ngesilinganiso semitha eyi-square yesakhiwo.