Umfula waseKychen wasePochayna ufihla izimfihlo zangempela zobhapathizo lukaRussia, okungekho owakhumbula isikhathi eside ...
Emlandweni wamasiko amaningi asendulo, umuntu angathola izinto eziyingqayizivele zemvelo, elahlekile ebalazweni nasesikhathini. Omunye walawa kwakungumfula waseKiey Pochayna - i-Dbutton ye-Dnieper, lapho, ngokusho kwamaqiniso omlando, ukubhapathizwa kukaRus kwenzeka. Ekhona eqinisweni, isuliwe kusuka emabalazweni nasenkumbulo yabantu, kodwa yavuka futhi.
Umlando wePochaina
Izincwadi zesikole zithi kule Dnieper, uPrince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich ngo-988, wabamba iqhaza lokuqala lokubhapathizwa kwabakhileyo eKiev. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lo mzuzu nje kwakuyisiqalo se-Orthodoxy ensimini yaseKivanvan Rus, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanesithakazelo emininingwaneni. Indawo eqondile ye-sakramente yayiyiPhochayna noma uSomorodina, njengoba kubizwa eminye imithombo. Emkhosini we-Epiphany, emva kokuguqulwa ebuKristwini kulezi zindawo, ukulungiswa okukhulu kwamanzi kwahlelwa, ngaphambi kokuba kulungiswe umjikelezo wenkolo unyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kuboniswa yiziningi zemibhalo yasendulo kanye nezincwadi zezifundo zenkathi yeSoviet ngenkathi izazi-mlando zanamuhla ziye zazinaka leli qiniso.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokubhapathizwa kwakuzuzisa kuzo zonke izici zokubuka. Okokuqala, umfula wawuhlose ukuthi abantu baseKieveni basendulo bangaphezu kweDnieper ngokwayo. Okwesibili, iningi labantu kanye nengqalasizinda eyisisekelo yedolobha yayisogwini lwaso kuphela. Futhi okwesithathu, okubaluleke kakhulu, isizathu sokubhapathizwa ePochayna kwakuyizintaba ezingekho emthethweni ze-Dnieper ezinamahlumela enameva, ukuze zifinyelele lapho kungekho muntu ofuna khona.
Babhapathizwa kanjani?
Ezingqungqutheleni ze-Orthodox zangaphambi kwe-Orthodox nasezinganekwane, uPochayna naye waphumelela ukushiya uphawu. Kwakubhekwa njengesifanekiso seSyria yaseGrisi yasendulo, lapho abafileyo bathuthelwa khona ezweni elizayo. Kwakukhona inyoka ehlala kuyo inyoka uGorynych enezinhloko ezintathu nemisila eyishumi nambili, lapho amaqhawe uDobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich no-Ilya Muromets bekhuluma khona. Lapha, ngaphambi kokubhapathizwa, isithombe sikaVeles - umgcini wezilwane, abathengisi nabamlingo, okwesibili ngemva kwePerun ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wabonkulunkulu, waqothulwa. Olunye ubufakazi, eqinisekisa indima yePochayna ekwamukelwa kwe-Orthodoxy: ngo-1975 abavubukuli bathola lapha i-oak engcwele ePerun naseVeles, eyayikhonza indawo yokukhulekela.
Ngemva kokubhujiswa kwethempeli labankulunkulu bokuqala, uPrince Vladimir wabiza abantu ukuba babhapathizwe futhi babuyele eSontweni laseConstantinople. Ngesikhathi somkhosi bonke ababambe iqhaza kulo mkhosi banikelwa umthandazo:
"Nkulunkulu omkhulu, udala izulu nomhlaba! Bheka kubantu abasha, bese ubapha, Nkosi, kuwe, Nkulunkulu weqiniso, njengoba ngikulethile ezweni lamaKhristu, futhi ngimise ukholo kubo ngokufanele futhi okungenasisekelo, futhi ngisize, Nkosi, ngokumelene nomphikisi, futhi ngilindele wena namandla akho, Balekela iziqephu zakhe! "
Amandla angachaziwe omfula ongcwele
Ngokumangazayo, njengoba ukholo lwabantu ezinkolweni zenkolo abazitholayo lwalubuthakathaka, umfula waqala ukuhamba nabo. Ekuqaleni "wafihla" umthombo wakhe: bonke abalando-mlando bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili, bephikisana ngokuthi ngabe useJordanian noma echibi laseKirillovsky. Ukuhlaziywa kwemibhalo kanye namarekhodi omlando wamakhulu eminyaka adlule akunikeza lutho olucacile: umfula njengokungathi "wanyamalala" kusukela ekuboneni kwabantu amashumi eminyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho neqembu lezazi-mlando, elizethemba "ngokuzimela" likaPochayny kusukela kuDnieper, lavela.
U-activist nomcwaningi womlando wasemfuleni wasendulo u-Annabel Morina ukholelwa ukuthi izazi-mlando ziyakwazi ukuzithengisa:
"Amanzi amakhulu amakhulu aphuma emaphandleni kusukela entshonalanga, hhayi kusukela empumalanga, lapho i-Dnieper igeleza khona. Le ngxelo yomfula i-Voditsa, ibhekwa njengesibili sokuqala sokudla kwePochayna. Lena iMiscle, Linnet, Chicken Brod, iZapadinka, amaSir. Ngendlela, ebalazweni lika-1695 elungiswe uLieutenant-Colonel Ushakov ngesicelo sikaPetru I, kubonakala ukuthi amaSyingi ageleza kanjani eLake Dolgoe (Kirillovskoe), lapho uPochayna ayexhunyiwe khona. Endaweni yomngcele wemvelo waseKhreshchatyk, eduze komthetho weMagdeburg, ungabona ithebhulethi yesikhumbuzo ngamazwi athi ngo-988 uRussi wabhapathizwa ekuhlanganisweni kwamagagasi eDnieper nasePochaina. "
Futhi kamuva iPochayna futhi kubonakala sengathi ikhetha ukunyamalala emehlweni abantu. Ngisho ekhulwini le-XIX kwakuyizibi elikhulu, ehlukaniswe ne-Dnieper eside oblique. Ngesikhathi esisodwa ekufinyeleleni kwayo kwaphezulu kwakuyichweba lasendulo lasendulo, eliye lathuthukiswa ngosizo lwe-canal system. Okokugcina okunjalo kwakubanjwe ngo-1712 ukusiza ukufinyelela emikhumbi emanzini.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili, lapho ukholo lwabantu emandleni aphakeme lwa, iPochayna yaqala ukukhukhuka kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kweNorthern Railway Ring kwaqala, ukusika umfula oyingqayizivele ovela echwebeni. Ema-70s, amagatsha asele emfuleni aqala ukulala, naphezu kwemibhikisho yabakhileyo bendawo. Kusukela emfuleni kwakukhona kuphela iLake Opechen - bese kuthi, ngenxa yedamu elibekelwe kahle. I-Pochayna "ishiya" ngaphansi komhlaba, ibe uhlelo lwamachibi ezinqolobaneni zangaphansi komhlaba, okuvela kuwo umfula omncane eduze noMoscow Avenue. Abantu ekugcineni baphukisa umfula omkhulu, bewunikeza isimo "samanzi okusebenza."
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abathuthukisi baseKiev baqala ukugcizelela ukuthi kwakungekho iPhochayny. U-Annabelle wabutha izishoshovu ukuze zivimbele umgwaqo emfuleni wemvelo. Amavolontiya enze uPochayny engena ezibhalweni kanye namabalazwe, kanye nokuyivikela ekubhujisweni. U-Annabel ukhuluma ngesenzo sakhe kanje:
"Akufanele sibe isizukulwane esizogcina ekugcineni lo mfula."
Ngokusobala, ngokubonga ngalokhu umfula wamkhombisa ngo-2017 isimangaliso esisha, intombazane eyayisitshele kakade umshini:
"Ngomkhosi wokubhapathizwa, ngobusuku bukaJanuwari 18-19, amanzi ahlanjululwa emfuleni iPochayna kanye nechibi laseJordani, engombhede walo omdala. Ngokokuqala ngqa emashumini amaningi eminyaka okungaqali. Ngangikhona futhi, eqinisweni, ngageza. Kwakungomuzwa ongajwayelekile, oqinile futhi oqhakazile. Ngosuku olulandelayo sibonile indlela okwenzeka ngayo manje e-Pochayne ... Izimangaliso ziseduze, zifanelwe ukuphawula, futhi umhlaba ngokushesha uguqulwa. "