Emashumini ambalwa ambalwa adlule, inani lamacala lapho kutholakala khona "umdlavuza we-bronchial" kwatholakala izikhathi eziningana. Kule nqubo yokwelashwa, ukwakheka kwama-neoplasms avela kwi-epithelium ne-bronchial ene-bronchial, enobuciko obubi.
I-Cancer Bronchial - Izimbangela
Kukhona uhlu oluthile lwezinto ezingabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-incological ku-bronchi.
- Izicubu ezinonya zakhiwa ngesikhathi kuvuselelwa izicubu ezinempilo. Okwenza lokhu kwenzeke odokotela abakazitholi incazelo ecacile.
- I-tumor ku-bronchi ingahlakulela ngenxa yokubhema , ngoba i-nicotine ingalimaza i-mucosa emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa liphazamisa inqubo yokwahlukana kwamaseli, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni okusheshayo kwe-neoplasm.
- Sebenza ezimweni ezimbi, isibonelo, emayini, esitsheni samakhemikhali noma esitsheni samandla enyukliya.
- Ukutholakala kwezifo ezingapheliyo, izibazi emaphashini ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba nokunye.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-bronchus
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezifo ezivela ku-bronchi:
- Isimo, lapho ama-neoplasms akhathaza kuphela izingxenye zengxenye kanye nezigaba, kubonisa umdlavuza oyinhloko we-bronchi. Kulesi simo, i-tumor ikhula ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwesitho.
- Umdlavuza we-peripheral we-bronchi kubantu besifazane nabesilisa uhambisana neoplasia yezingxenye ezikude zephefumula. Lolu hlobo lwesifo isikhathi eside luyinto engavamile.
I-squamous cell carcinoma ye-bronchi
Umdlavuza we-Epidermal uvame kakhulu futhi ngawo ukwakheka kwakheka kusuka amangqamuzana amancane aplanethi aphefumulayo noma ahamba phambili. I-tumor ingaba ngezinga eliphansi lokuhlukanisa, noma ngaphandle kwe-keratinization. I-squamous cell carcinoma ye-bronchus ine-malignancy ephezulu futhi ngokuvamile ukubikezela kuyisimo esingenasiphelo futhi siphile kancane.
I-cell cell encane ye-bronchi
Uhlobo olungenamkhawulo wesifo somdlavuza, lapho ukubunjwa kukhula khona, futhi ezimweni eziningi i-tumor ivela ngqo emaphashini. Iqukethe amaseli amancane, ngaphandle kwezinkomba ze-multilayer epithelium. Zifana nesigcawu noma indlela. Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza omncane ophethwe ngamanzi omncane ukhiqiza ama-metastase amaningi, futhi usakazeka ngokuqinile emathisini aseduzane.
Leli fomu lesi sifo lingama-20-25% azo zonke izifo zokuxilonga futhi lihlobene ngokuqondile nokubhema. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwalowo mdlavuza we-bronchi, njengoba lesi sifo sinciphisa izitho ezikude, isibonelo, izigulane eziyingozi, ubuchopho namathambo. Ukwakheka okubi kungasebenzi, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-chemotherapy kanye nokwelapha imisebe kusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.
I-cell cell carcinoma
Kule fomu, ukwakheka kunamaseli amakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza: ngokukhululwa kwe-mucus kanye nezikhala ezigcwele amangqamuzana angama-atypical. I-cell cell carcinoma yisifo esizibonakalisa kangcono kakhulu, futhi lokhu kungcono, ngoba umphumela obulalayo ubonakala ekuqaleni. I-Oncologists iphawula ukuthi ukwakheka kwalolu hlobo kuthinta ukubhema okungahambi kahle nokuxhomeka kwezidakamizwa eside.
Adenocarcinoma ye-Bronchial
I-cell-carcinoma ephawulekayo ibonakala ngokubonakala kwe-tumor ngesakhiwo esakhiwe kahle. Kuyinto ekhethekile ekukhiqizeni i-mucus. I-tumor iyenzeka engxenyeni yezingxenye zamaphaphu, futhi ngezigaba zokuqala izimpawu aziveli. I-adenocarcinoma ye-bronchial inqamulela ebuchosheni. Uma uthola ukuthi isifo sofuba sezinyathelo zokuqala, singasuswa ngokusebenza.
Umdlavuza we-bronchi - izimpawu
Ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuthi sikhulume ukuthi ukukhula kwe-tumor kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zokuqala ezicacisiwe ziqalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, akukho nyaka owodwa odlulayo. Ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza we-bronchi ubonakala kanjani, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ngokusho kwezibonakaliso zemitholampilo lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zihlukanisiwe:
- Biological. Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, azikho izibonakaliso zemitholampilo nezobuchwepheshe. Uma wenza u- fluorography, umuntu angabona ushintsho kwisakhiwo se-pulmonary.
- I-Asymptomatic. Kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonakaliso zokuqala, ezibekiwe ngesikhathi se-X-ray.
- Isiteji semibonakaliso yemitholampilo. Isiguli sigcina izimpawu ezehlukene futhi lesi sifo sesivele sithuthuka.
Esigabeni sesibili nesithathu, kungase kube nezinguquko esimweni somuntu esiyisici kwezinye izifo, isibonelo, ku-ARVI, pneumonia, njalonjalo. Emagcekeni okugcina wegciwane, izibonakaliso zokungasebenzi kahle kwamaphalenda ziyatholakala, ukubonakala kokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba nezinkinga emsebenzini wenhliziyo.
Umdlavuza we-brronchial - izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala
Izifo eziningi ezingokwemvelo zinezibonakaliso zokuqala ezingekho emthethweni, ngakho iziguli zingavamile ukuza kudokotela ezinyathelweni zokuqala zesifo, lapho ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu. Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-bronchial ekuqaleni: ukukhwehlela, ukunciphisa ukusebenza nokukhathala okungapheli , ukulahlekelwa isisindo nokudla. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izimpawu zokuhluleka ukuphefumula ziya kancane kancane. Izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza we-bronchial zihlanganisa ukubukeka kwemizwa ebuhlungu uma isisu sikhula sibe izicubu ezizungezile.
Izigaba zesifo somdlavuza
Kunezinyathelo ezine zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo futhi ngasinye sinempawu zayo. Odokotela bathi ukwelashwa kuzokhipha imiphumela kuphela ezinyathelweni ezimbili zokuqala futhi ngokushesha izibonakaliso zomdlavuza we-bronchial ziyatholakala, kungcono ukubikezela.
- Inombolo yesiteji 1. I-Neoplasm ayifinyelele ububanzi ngaphezu kuka-3 cm. Ezimweni eziningi, itholakala endaweni ye-bronchus, kodwa i-metastasis ayitholakali.
- Inamba yesigaba 2. Ama-metastases aqala ukusakazeka kuma-lymph node zesifunda. Ububanzi bobunjwa bufinyelela ku-6 cm.
- Inamba yesigaba 3. Kulesi sigaba, i-tumor iba ngaphezulu nakwe-bronchi, izimpawu ziboniswa futhi i-metastasis isivele ibonwe ema-lymph nodes. Enye iphuzu elibalulekile - inqubo yezinto ezenzakalelayo idlulela endaweni ye-bronchus eseduze.
- Inamba yesigaba 4. Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-pleurisy kanye ne-metastase zivela kwezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Ngezigaba ezine, umdlavuza we-bronchial unecala elibi. Imfundo ayikwazi ukusebenza, futhi ukwelashwa kuyoba nemisakazo kanye ne- chemotherapy .
Umdlavuza we-Bronchial - ukuxilongwa
Ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa ukuxilongwa, odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo zokuxilonga: CT, MRI kanye ne-X-ray. Basiza ekuboneni hhayi kuphela ukutholakala, kodwa futhi indawo kanye nomthamo we-tumor. Kuyasiza ukunquma umdlavuza we-bronchi X-rays kanye namanye amasu, futhi ngisho nokuxilongwa kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele ukuze ukwazi izinga le-leukocyte kanye nemingcele ye-ESR. Ucwaningo olubalulekile lwe-cytological, ngoba lusiza ukunquma uhlobo lwemfundo.
Umdlavuza we-bronchi - ukwelashwa
Ukuze usize isiguli, odokotela basebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezizimele futhi ezihlinzayo. Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwama-radiation, okuyizinyathelo zokugcina ezisetshenziswa kanye nokusebenza. Irradiation yenziwa izinyanga ezimbili. futhi inani eliphelele lifika ku-70 Grey. Ukwenza ukukhishwa kwe-tumor ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia nokungenelela okuyinkimbinkimbi, odokotela, ngokusekelwe ezinkomba zomuntu ngamunye, bangakwazi ukubeka ama-radiosurgery ama-stereotactic, asebenzisa umshini we-cyber. Leli thuluzi likhipha imisebe esusa isisu ne-metastases.
I-non-small cell cell bronchial carcinoma (isigaba 3 nezinye izigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi) iphathwa nge-chemotherapy. It isetshenziswa uma kungenakwenzeka ukufeza ukusebenza. Nika izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali lapho kudingeka khona ukuphatha isisu esincane esincane esithinta izidakamizwa ezinjalo. Ezinhlotsheni ezingekho ezincane zamakhemikhali, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa umthamo wemfundo nobuhlungu, futhi ubuyekeze imisebenzi yokuphefumula. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-bronchial namakhambi omuntu akunakwenzeka futhi kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ukungenelela kokusebenza akunakwenziwa kuzo zonke izimo. Umdlavuza we-bronchi uphathwa ngokushesha uma ukubunjwa kususwe ngokuphelele, okuzoqinisekisa ukutholwa okusheshayo kwesiguli. Ezingxenyeni ezine, ukuhlinzwa akukwenziwa, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta izicubu eziseduze, futhi ukuphazanyiswa okunjalo akusebenzi. Ukwelashwa komsebenzavuza womdlavuza kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana, kanti ukukhetha okukhethwa kukho kubheka ubuningi bezinqubo:
- I-lobectomy ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni komkhiqizo we-lobe wamaphaphu. Udokotela wenza isinqumo sokugcina ngemva kokuba kuvule isifuba. Uma izinkomba zitholakala, isibonelo, ukusabalalisa inqubo yezinto eziphilayo, umsebenzi ungasulwa.
- I-Bilobectomy isekelwe ekususweni kwe-upper noma ephakathi, noma ephansi naphakathi phakathi kwe-lobe. Amasheya asele azokhishwa ku-mediastinum. Ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, i-lymph nodes eseduze edukile.
- Nge-pulmonectomy ukukhipha okuphelele kwamaphaphu kanye namagciwane amancane aseduze ayenziwa. Yenza lokhu kuphela uma isiguli sinempilo.
Cancer of the bronchi - ukubikezela
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ngaphambili inkinga ibonakala, cishe amathuba okuthola ngokugcwele. Uma unesithakazelo sokuthi bangaki abahlala khona, uma kunomdlavuza we-bronchi, kufanele wazi ukuthi uma kunqunywa isisu emasimeni okuqala kanye nokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda singama-80%. Uma lesi sifo siqalwa, ngokusho kwezibalo, cishe amaphesenti angu-30 eziguli ezihlinzwayo zisinda. Uma umuntu enqaba ukwelashwa, kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu kuphela iziguli ezingu-8% ziphila.