Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyisifo esibi kakhulu esimisweni sokuphefumula. Kukhona nokukhubazeka okunjalo okuyingozi, okungaxhunyiwe ne-oncology - i-COPD. Lithinta kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa, iqhubeka kancane, kunzima ukuphatha, kubangela izinkinga ezingenakugwema futhi ngokuvamile kuphelelwa ukufa komuntu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
I-COPD - yimuphi uhlobo lwesifo?
Lesi sitfombe sisho isifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary chronic obstructive. Lesi yisifo sokuzimela esizimele, esibonakala ngokunciphisa ukugeleza komoya emoyeni. Isifo esinjalo asiphathwa ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa kusiza kuphela ukunciphisa izimpawu futhi kwandise kancane isikhathi sokuphila, kepha lokhu kugula kuyaqhubeka njalo, futhi njalo ngonyaka kuba nzima kunomuntu ukuphefumula.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-COPD
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlukaniswa kwezifo ezithintekayo. Owokuqala unquma ukuthi yisiphi isifo se-clinic chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) - i-emphysema noma i-bronchitis eyenzekayo. Isigaba sesibili senziwa esigabeni saleso sifo (ukuxolelwa nokukhuphula). Isigaba sesithathu sokukhishwa kwe-stratification ubukhulu be-COPD:
- ukukhanya;
- isilinganiso;
- inzima;
- unzima kakhulu.
Izimbangela ze-COPD
Inkinga echazweyo ishukunyiswa ngokugqugquzela izicubu zamaphaphu ngezinhlayiyana ezihlukahlukene ze-pathogenic, ama-gas kanye ne-toxin. Kulula ukuhlala nalesi sifo, uma uqonda okushiwo yi-COPD - ukuthi iyini, ukuthi iphathwa kanjani. Inqubo yokuvuvukala iqala embranchi emangcwabeni. I-Slime ikhishwa ngamanani amaningi futhi iba ne-viscous more. Kamuva, ukutheleleka kuhlangana, futhi ukuvuvukala kwanda ku-bronchi, i-alveoli ne-bronchioles, isifo se-lungs siphuthuma i-COPD.
Isizathu esiyinhloko (cishe amacala angu-90%) ezinqubo ezinjalo ukubhema kwemikhiqizo kagwayi, ikakhulukazi isikhathi eside. Ezinye izimbangela ezenza i-COPD yilezi:
- ukulungiswa kwefa;
- ukubhema ukubhema ugwayi ( ukubhema okungapheli );
- umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe;
- Umoya ongcolile emkhathini noma endaweni yokuhlala;
- izifo eziphefumula njalo ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi uma zingaphathwa kahle.
I-COPD - izimpawu
Isithombe sesitholampilo sincike esiteji sesifo. Ukuphakama kwesibindi, kuqina izimpawu zeCOPD. Isifo esinikeziwe sinesithathu esithile sezimpawu ezinjalo:
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-sputum high;
- ukuphefumula .
I-COPD - ubunzima
Isigaba sokuqhubeka kwesifo sithathwa yi-spirometry, ngokwezinga lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kokuphoqeleka ngomzuzwana owodwa (FEV1), umthamo obalulekile wamaphaphu (ZHEL) nokutholakala kwesithombe esitholakala ngenhla emtholampilo. Izitegimenti zeCOPD zibhekene nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Kulula - umsebenzi wokuphefumula uhamba kancane, kodwa izinkomba ze-FEV1 neZHEL zisondele kakhulu. Ukukhishwa kwamagciwane kanye nokuqhuma kwamapulisi akatholakali noma kubuthakathaka kakhulu, ukuphathwa ngempumelelo.
- Isilinganiso - ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo emsebenzini wokuphefumula, okuqinisekiswa yimiphumela ye-spirometry (i-FEV1 engaphansi kuka-80% wendabuko, isilinganiso sayo ku-GEL singaphansi kuka-70% wezindinganiso ezifanele). Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukukhwehlela nokukhululwa kwe-viscous sputum ne-dyspnea.
- Okukhulu - ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo emsebenzini wokuphefumula, u-FEV1 ngaphansi kuka-50% wezinga elijwayelekile. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezibonakaliso ezithile ezinzima ukuzinakekela.
- Okubi kakhulu - ukungaqiniseki kokuphefumula kuyaqhubeka. Zonke izimpawu ze-pathology zibhekwa cishe njalo.
Isikhukhula nge-COPD
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuvimbela umoya, kepha iziguli ngokuvamile aziqapheli. Ukungazinaki kungenxa yokungabi nolwazi oluncane lwe-COPD - ukuthi liyini, ukuthi liphathwa kanjani futhi liboniswa kanjani. Lapho ukukhwehlela kubhekwa njengokuthi kulindeleke "umphumela ohlangothini", ngakho abalandeli bemikhiqizo kagwayi abathinteli ukubaluleka kulo. Esikhathini sokuqala, lesi sibonakaliso senzeka ngokungahleliwe. Njengoba i-pathology iqhubeka, ukukhwehlela kuyaba njalo kuze kuhlaselwe nsuku zonke.
Uma izinga lesi sifo lincane, i-phlegm ku-COPD ikhiqizwa ngamanani amancane. I-viscous, i-mucous futhi inzima ukuxosha, ababhemayo banephunga elimnandi. Ngezigaba ezinzima kakhulu ze-COPD uphawu olunjalo luyaqina futhi luphathwa kabi. I-sputum iyancipha kakhulu futhi nayo yonke inkinga yokukhwehlela. Kwezinye iziguli, iqukethe i-pus, lokhu kubonisa ukutheleleka kanye nokukhushulwa kwe-pathology. Ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda, i-mucus ikhiqizwa ngamanani amancane.
Dyspnoea ne-COPD
Lesi sici sesifo asibhekiseli embonisweni yokuqala yokuvimbela. Dyspnea kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyishumi emva kokuqala kokukhwehlela. Okokuqala, kubonakala kuphela ngokubuyiselwa kwe-COPD - ukukhushulwa, ikakhulukazi ngesifo esithintekayo, kuholela ekuwohlokeni okubukhali emisebenzini yokuphefumula. Esikhathini esincane sezinyathelo ze-dyspnea livela njalo, kunzima ukuphathwa. Hlela amadijithi ambalwa alezi zimpawu kuye ngokuthi imvamisa yenzeke:
- 0 - kuphela ngokumelene nesizinda sokudlulela ngokomzimba;
- 1 - ngokuhamba ngokushesha nokuphakamisa;
- 2 - ngisho nesinyathelo esheshayo;
- 3 - kunzima ukuphefumula ngenkathi uhamba, kufanele ume yonke imitha eyi-100;
- 4 - ngokuzikhandla kancane (ukuguqula, ukugeza eshaweni).
Ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD
Udokotela-pulmonologist udokotela angaqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isifo esichazwe. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD ne-asthma ye-bronchial. Lezi zifo zinezithombe ezifana nomtholampilo, ikakhulukazi ezinyathelweni zokuqala. Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kusiza ukuhlola kahle i-COPD - ukuthi iyini, ukuthi iphathwa kanjani, ngenxa yalokho okuqhubekayo. Ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo, i-laboratory elandelayo, izifundo zezinsimbi zisetshenziswa:
- ukuhlaziywa kwesihlahla;
- i-spirometry ;
- ukuzimisela komsebenzi wokuphefumula kwangaphandle;
- ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kwegesi;
- i-pneumotachography;
- i-computer spirography;
- i-radiography yamaphaphu ;
- i-pikfluometriya;
- ukudweba.
I-COPD - ukwelashwa
Isigaba esibalulekile ekuphathweni kwalesi sifo siyancipha ukuqhubeka kwayo nokuvimbela ukubuyela emuva. Ngaphambi kokwelapha i-COPD ngemithi, isiguli se-pulmonologist kufanele senqabe imikhiqizo kagwayi, ukunciphisa ithonya lezinto ezisebenzayo ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Le ndlela izokusiza ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwezingqimba zamabhanchi namaphaphu, lokhu kuzoba nemiphumela emihle emsebenzini wokuphefumula.
I-COPD - ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa
Ukwelashwa kwemikhakha ekhethwe ngokuzikhethela kukhethwe ngabanye, ngokusho ngesiteji sesifo, ubukhulu bezimpawu kanye nemvamisa yezingcindezi. Ngaphambilini, udokotela kufanele achaze isiguli izici eziyinhloko zokulwa noCOPD - ukuthi yikuphi, ukuthi kuphathwa kanjani, ukuthi kuyodingeka ukushiya. Ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukuvinjelwa akunakwenzeka, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwezimpawu zayo futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila ingokoqobo. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ku-COPD:
- I-Mucolytics. Lawa ma-pharmacy agqugquzela ukuqubuka kwe-mucus futhi akwazi ukususa ukususwa kwawo kusuka ku-bronchi, okuvimbela ukunamathiswa kwesifo sobhaktheriya. I-COPD iphathwa nge-mucolytics eqondile neyodwa. Imithi yeqembu lokuqala elikhulunywe ngalo (i-Trypsin, i-Chymotrypsin) lisebenzisana ne-sputum kakade ikhishwe, linciphisa i-mucus futhi liphuthumise ukuphuma kwalo. Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-mucolytics (i-Bromhexin, i-Ambroxol) linciphisa ubukhulu bemfihlo yamaphalenda. Kunezidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa zombili izakhiwo.
- I-bronchodilators (i-bronchodilators). Imishanguzo enjalo ikhulula imisipha ebushelelezi ezindongeni zomoya, okuyinto ekhulula isikhala futhi igweme izinqubo zokuvimbela. Le mithi ifaka i-Formoterol, i-Atrovent, i-Salmeterol, i-Spiriva nabanye.
- Ama-antibiotics. Ngesikhathi ukuqhuma kwe-COPD, i-mucus iqoqa emaphashini nase-bronchi, okufaka ekuthuthukiseni ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. Ukuze uvimbele lezi zinkinga, misela antibiotic ethize - cephalosporins (isizukulwane sesibili), amapenicillins, amalungiselelo e-clavulanic acid.
- Glucocorticosteroids. Ukubuyela ngokushelela njalo kuqala ngenqubo eqinile yokuvuvukala. Usizwa ngamahomoni, ikakhulukazi i-Prednisolone kanye nezilinganiso zalo ezisetshenzisiwe.
- Ama-inhibitors wesiphakamiso se-proinflammatory nama-receptors. Iningi le-glucocorticosteroids linemiphumela emibi kakhulu, engabangela izinkinga ezingafuneki. Ukuze uzibeke esikhundleni, lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenzisiwe - Ukuhlonipha, i-Fenspiride.
Inhalation ku-COPD
Ngokuvuselelwa kokuvimbela, ukulethwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye nama-bronchodilator emgwaqweni wokuphefumula kuyadingeka ngokuphuthumayo ukuphuthuma ngokushesha ukukhushulwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukwelashwa kwe-COPD kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngesimo sokungena. I-Glucocorticosteroids kanye nemithi ephumelelayo kakhulu ye-bronchodilator iyatholakala ngesimo se-spray. Amanxusa anjalo wezokwelapha angase abekwe kuphela yi-pulmonologist kuphela. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-inhalation, kuhlanganise nokuphathwa kwekhaya, azikhuthazwa ngaphandle kokubonisana ngaphambili nodokotela.
Ukuzivocavoca okuphefumulayo ne-COPD
Ukwenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile kuyadingeka:
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ventilation;
- ukuqedwa kwezimpawu zokuhluleka ukuphefumula;
- ukuvinjelwa kokuqoqwa kwe-pleural effusion;
- ukuqinisa imisipha yokuphefumula;
- ukuqeda ukwehluleka kokujikeleza emaphashini.
Ukuvocavoca ku-COPD:
- Isikhundla sokuqala - ehlezi esihlalweni, ecindezela umgogodla wakhe emhlane. Yenza ukuphefumula okuncane emmpumeni, uphume ngamandla ngokusebenzisa izindebe ezicindezelekile.
- Isimo esifanayo. Ngokunye uphakamise izandla zakho ukuze ubhale futhi ubenciphise ngenkathi uphefumula.
- Mahhala Bamba emoyeni imizuzwana engu-1-3. Khipha ngokukhululekile.
- Ukuze kutholakale emaphethelweni esihlalo, ukwehlisa izandla ezinhlangothini zesiqu, kancane kancane. Khulisa kancane kancane futhi uqondise amahlombe, uphume, uphindele esimweni sokuqala.
Kunezinye izinketho zokuzivocavoca ku-COPD:
- ngu-Strelnikova;
- ngu-Buteyko;
- Tolkachev;
- ku-Neumyvakin.
I-COPD - ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu
Imithi esemthethweni ingabaza ngale ndlela yokwelapha. Ukucabangela yonke idatha etholakalayo ku-COPD - iyini, iphathwa kanjani futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, iqhubekela phambili, ukuphumelela kwezinqubo zomuntu cishe kukhulu. Amanye ama-pulmonologists avumela iziguli zabo ukusebenzisa ezinye zokupheka, kodwa emva kokubonisana isikhathi esigcwele kuphela. Ngeke njalo kusetshenziswe ukuba usebenzise izindlela ezingezona zendabuko, uma isifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary siba sikhulu, ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu kungakwandisa ukucasuka kwezindonga zomoya kanye nokuvuvukala.
Decoction for relief of izimpawu
Izithako :
- I-Icelandic moss - 20-25 g;
- amanzi - ilitha eli-1.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Thela izinto eziwusizo ngamanzi abilayo.
- Letha kumathumba phezu kokushisa okuphansi, cisha i-hotplate.
- Ukuphikelela kusho imizuzu engu-30.
- Nciphisa isisombululo.
- Phuza ingxenye yesithathu yemithi yokwamukelwa ngaphambi kokudla, izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku.
Ukumnika ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva
Izithako :
- chamomile izimbali - 100 g;
- i-flaxseed - 50 g;
- flower lime - 100 g;
- i-eucalyptus - 100 g;
- amanzi 250 ml.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Hlanganisa amakhambi.
- Thela izingxenye ezimbili ze-spoon ngamanzi abilayo.
- Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-40 umuthi uphephile.
- Phuza 100 ml wezidakamizwa izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku kuphela ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa.
Izinkinga ze-COPD
Isifo esihlolwe singelapheki, ukwelashwa kusiza kuphela ukuyeka nokunciphisa izimpawu zayo. Ngokushesha ngokushesha kukhona imiphumela emibi uma umuntu engazi lutho nge-COPD - ukuthi iyini, ukuthi iphathwa kahle kanjani. Ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa iqhubekela phambili ngokushesha futhi ibangela ushintsho olungenakuguqulwa ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Izifo eziphuthumayo ze-pulmonary - izinkinga:
- i- polycythemia yesibili;
- i-pneumonia;
- inhliziyo ekhululekile, ukwehluleka okunamandla nokuphefumula okuphefumulayo;
- i-pneumomediastinum;
- inhliziyo engavamile yamapulmonari ;
- i-pneumothorax yesikhashana kanye nabanye.
I-COPD - isikhathi sokuphila
I-pathology echazwe iqhubekela phambili kancane, ngakho-ke ukubikezelwa kwesikhathi eside akubi. Uma kutholakala ama-COPD ama-3 degrees noma ngaphezulu, isiguli asihlali siphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinkinga ezihambisana nesimiso sokuphefumula, umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 noma izici ezenza ukuphindaphinda akuqedwe. Ngezigaba zokuqala zalesi sifo, umbono unethemba elikhulu. Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, iziguli eziningi ze-pulmonologist ziyakujabulela ukubhekana nokuguga, kodwa izinga lokuphila kwabo liyehla njalo.
Ukuvimbela i-COPD
Into esemqoka okufanele ishiywe, ukuze ingabi nesifo sokuvimbela izifo, lokhu kuwukubhema. Awukwazi ukuphefumula umusi wakho noma umusi womunye umuntu. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngaphezu kwalokho zibandakanya ukwazisa umphakathi mayelana ne-COPD - ukuthi iyini, ukuthi iphathwa kanjani futhi ivinjelwe ngempumelelo, yini egcwele lesi sifo. Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela:
- ukwelashwa okufika isikhathi ngesikhathi kwe-airway pathologies, izifo;
- ukukhishwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezibangela i-COPD;
- inhlangano yomoya omuhle ezindaweni zokuhlala, ukuhlanzwa umoya;
- ukuqinisa ingculazi kanye nesimo somzimba jikelele.