Ukwelapha ubuciko (kusukela e-English "art-therapy") ngokoqobo kusho "ukwelashwa ngobuciko". Kuyindlela ekhulayo yokuphulukiswa nokulungiswa kwengqondo ngosizo lobuciko nobuciko.
Ngokungafani namakilasi ahloselwe ukufundisa okuhlelekile kwanoma yiluphi ubuciko, amakilasi wezobuciko zobuciko ayingxenye yokuzimela komuntu futhi awahloswe hhayi emphumela, kodwa enqubo yokudala ngokwayo. Isimo sokuzikhethela mahhala sinikeza ukuzithokozisa ngokomzwelo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuzwakalisa ukuzwakalisa, futhi nje kunikeza injabulo enkulu kubo bonke abahlanganyeli kule nqubo.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukwelashwa kwezobuciko kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ema-40s ekhulwini lama-20 e-United States, ukusebenza nezingane zisusiwe emakamu ama-fascist phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Khona-ke ukwelashwa kwezobuciko kulandelwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinhloso zokuxilonga. Ngesikhathi samanje, ukwelashwa kwezobuciko akukona nje kuphela ukulahlekelwa kokubaluleka kwalo, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuye kwasungulwa nokusatshalaliswa okuvamile, ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho okuqinisekisiwe kwezizukulwane zokulungisa nokulungisa. Kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo kubantu abadala kanye nezingane, ezinhlelweni zokufundisa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-kindergartens zifakwe emakilasini we-art therapy. Imiphumela ehlabayo ikakhulukazi ihlinzekwa ngukuphathwa kwezingane ezinganeni zasenkulisa kanye nezingane ezikhubazekile. Ukutholakala kwezindlela nokungabikho kwezingqinamba kusivumela ukuthi sihlanganyele kwezokwelapha kwezokwelapha kubantu bazo zonke izigaba zeminyaka kanye nanoma yisiphi isimo sezempilo.
Izinjongo zobuciko bezobuciko:
- ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga zengqondo;
- ukuhoxiswa okuncane okubuhlungu ngaphandle kwemicabango nemizwa ecindezelweyo;
- ukuphuma okwanele ukusuka ekubukeni komphakathi ngokuhlukunyezwa kanye nokunye ukubonakaliswa okungekho komuntu;
- ukwandisa ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kwengqondo (ukuphathwa kwezobuciko njengendlela yokusiza);
- ukuqeqeshwa kokugxila ekuzweleni nasekuzweni;
- ukusiza ekusungulweni koxhumana nabo;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okudala;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokuzithiba;
- ukwandisa ukuzethemba.
Izindlela zokwelashwa kwezobuciko
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa kwezobuciko, esekelwe emsebenzini ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko: i-isotherapy (konke okuhlobene nobuciko obuhle: ukudweba, ukudweba, ukulinganisa, njll), ukwelapha umbala, ukwelashwa kwesihlabathi, ukwelashwa komculo, i-bibliotherapy (esebenza negama - ukwakheka kwezinganekwane, izinkondlo, njll.), ukwelashwa kwemidanso, i-dramatherapy nabanye abaningi. Ngayinye yezinhlobo zokwelashwa kwezobuciko inezindlela zayo, ezincane, izindlela, eziyizintatheli. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi izindlela zazo zonke izinhlobo zokwelashwa kwezobuciko zisekelwe "ekushintsheni" umsebenzi we-hemispheres ye-cerebral. I-hemisphere engakwesokunxele inhlobo yokucabanga, ingqondo, ukuqonda, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi engavumeli imizwelo eqotho, ukuyicindezela. I-hemisphere elungile, eyenziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, idala izinqubo ezingenalwazi ezivulela indlela yokukhuluma okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela. Ngenxa yokuzivocavoca kwezobuciko, ama-hemispheres aqala ukusebenza ndawonye, futhi lo msebenzi uhlose ukuqonda nokulungisa izinkinga zangaphakathi, ezingenakuqonda: ukwesaba, izinkimbinkimbi, "ukugqoka", njll.
Ukwelashwa kwezobuciko eminyakeni yobudala besenkulisa
Ekuphetheni, masikutshengise izindlela zokudokotela zobuciko ezidumile kakhulu ezinganeni zasenkulisa. Isimo esiyinhloko sokuzivocavoca kwezobuciko zezingane kuyatholakala kwezimali, ukuheha, ukuqonda nokuphepha.
Ukwelashwa kwezobuciko izingane - umzimba
- Ukwelashwa kwe-sand ingu-othomathikhi ovame kakhulu futhi oyintandokazi kubantu basebancane abasenkulisa, okuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezingenhla. Imikhakha ye-sand art-therapy iyona yonke i-studio yaseMontessori-pedagogic, ezindaweni eziningi ezisathuthuka ngisho nakwezinye izinhlobo ze-kindergartens. Konke okudingekile ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-sand art art ibhokisi elijwayelekile nesihlabathi, noma i-sandbox. Ukudweba ishlabathi elomile noma elimanzi, izindlu zokwakha izihlabane zesihlabathi, ukudala izibalo zesanti, ingane iqala ukuzwa okuthinta inhliziyo, ikhululiwe, ikwazi ukuziveza.
- Ukuqoshwa kuyindlela efinyeleleka kakhulu ekudingeni ukuthi udinge iphepha kanye nepensile (ipeni, ipeni elizwelayo). Ingane ngokukhululekile, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngomphumela, idonsela ephepheni i-tangle yemigqa,
bese uzama ukukuqonda futhi achaze isithombe esithile. Ngenkambiso yencazelo, usuvele uyayidonsa ngokucophelela, ugcizelele imingcele, umthunzi ezindaweni ezithile, njll. - I-Monotype (okusho "okushicilelwe okulodwa") enye indlela eheha kakhulu ye-isotherapy. Inki, inkinobho, i-watercolor noma i-gouache ehlanjululwe ngamanzi endaweni engabonakaliyo engayitholi upende (ipulasitiki, i-linoleum, iphepha elimnyama elimnyama, njll) lenziwe ngephethini: amathanga, imigqa, njll. Isibuko sithombe sinyatheliswa umdwebo. Ingane ibheka okwenzekile, ichaza isithombe esivelayo, siyifake.