Ucabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwesigqila seluphele? Lokhu akude neze. Kuvela ukuthi imikhiqizo eminingi yansuku zonke ivela ngokuxhashazwa komsebenzi wabantu. Ake sithole ukuthi izigqila zisetshenziswa kuphi.
Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukene nemishini, kwamanye amazwe bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa izisebenzi zenceku. Bambalwa abantu abagcizelela ukuthi izinto ezisemuva kithi zenziwa ngabantu abasebenza ezimweni ezimbi futhi baze baphathwe kabi ngukuhola. Ngikholelwa, imininingwane engezansi, uma ingesabeki, izokumangazela ngokuqinisekile.
1. Izikhwama zama-counterfeit
Ibhizinisi elenza inzuzo enkulu, likhiqiza amakhophi ezinkampani ezidumile, futhi zithengiswa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Abacwaningi babalwa ukuthi imakethe yezinkohliso ilinganiselwa ku-R6 600 billion. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umsebenzi wezinceku kanye nezingane usetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza, okufakazelwa ngokuhlaselwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngolunye lwawo, amaphoyisa athola izingane ezincane eFatland, lapho abanikazi bayo bephule imilenze ukuze bangaphumeleli futhi baphule isiyalo.
2. Izingubo
Emazweni amaningi ase-Asia kunezimboni zokwakha, okungena ezimakethe zethu nasezitolo. Ukuthi ukusebenza kwabantwana kuhilelekile emsebenzini kuyesabeka. Lokhu kungavunyelwe umthetho, kodwa ucwaningo oluyimfihlo lubonisa okuphambene nalokhu. Le nkinga inzima kakhulu kubantu baseBangladesh. Ezweni elifanayo, kunezinye izimboni "ezivamile" ezikhiqiza izingubo eNtshonalanga, kodwa zivame ukudlulisela ama-oda kumabhizinisi lapho izigqila zisebenza ngemali ephansi.
Kukhona izindaba eziningi ezitshela ngamaqiniso amabi kakhulu okusebenzela amabhizinisi anjalo, isibonelo, ngo-2014 omunye wabo wayenomlilo, kodwa abaphathi abazange batshele abasebenzi, kodwa bamane bavale umnyango, beshiya abantu ukuba bafe. Ngonyaka odlule, eBangladesh, uphahla luye lwawela kwelinye lamafektri, okwaholela nasekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-1 000. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi umkhiqizo we-Disney ushiye emakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingubo ze-Walmart zisasuka emafrijini lapho izingane zigqila khona.
3. I-Rubber
Ucabanga ukuthi amathayi kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-rubber eyenziwa emafektri lapho kusetshenziswa khona amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene? Eqinisweni, itholakala emasimini enjoloba, lapho umkhiqizo ukhishwa khona kuhlobo olukhethekile lomuthi, bese uthola ukwelashwa okuthile.
ELiberia, i-raber ingenye yezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa abanikazi bezindawo ezikhona babhekisela kubasebenzi babo njengezigqila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi luyaziwa ukuthi amasimu amabili e-rubber amakhulu kunawo wonke aphethwe yimpi yombango eLiberia, ephatheka abantu njengemithombo, akukho lutho. Ngisho nomkhiqizi omkhulu we-Firestone usolwa ngumphakathi ngokuthenga izinto ezibonakalayo ngamathayi abo avela kulezi zamasimu, kodwa ukuphathwa akuqinisekisi lolu lwazi.
4. Amadayimane
EZimbabwe, kusungulwe ukucindezela, okuholwa nguRobert Mugabe, yena kanye neqembu lakhe abadala umkhankaso omkhulu wemboni yezimayini, futhi isebenzisa izisebenzi zenceku. Ngokusho kobufakazi, ngesikhathi esifushane, abantu abangamakhulu amaningana babegqilaziwe. Ama-Slave athatha amatshe ayigugu, athengiswa ukucebisa uMugabe.
5. Chocolate
Ukudla okuthandayo kunabo bonke abadala nabantwana, okuthengiswa kuwo wonke umhlaba, kwenziwa kusuka kubhontshisi we-cocoa. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-chocolate kunyuke njalo ngonyaka, okwenza ososayensi baqonde ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kuyofika isikhathi lapho lokhu kunambitheka kuba yiphutha futhi ngeke kube lula ukuyithola.
Kuvela ukuthi amabhontshisi akhule ezindaweni ezimbalwa kuphela, futhi namuhla abathengisi abaningi kakhulu bathenga ubhontshisi emithonjeni ekhona e-Ivory Coast. Izimo zokuphila ezisebenza kulezi zindawo zimbi, kanti umsebenzi wezingane usetshenziswa kakhulu lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenqwaba yemibiko yokuthi izingane eziningi zithunjwa. Abacwaningi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi iningi lomkhiqizo wezwe lisekelwe emisebenzini yenceku yengane.
6. I-Seafood
I-British nsuku zonke i-Guardian yenze uphenyo ukuze inqume izinkinga zobugqila embonini ye-shrimp. Bangena epulazini elikhulu eThailand ebizwa ngokuthi i-SR Foods. Le nkampani inikeza izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinkampanini eziningana ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi i-CP Foods ayisebenzisi ngokugqilaza abasebenzi, njengoba imfucuza ivela kubadayisi ababandakanya izigqila emsebenzini.
Abafuduki abangekho emthethweni, abafisa ukuthola imali, basebenza olwandle, bakhiqiza ukudla okunolwandle. Bahlala ezikebheni, futhi ukuthi ababaleki, baboshwe ngamaketanga. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi iThailand ibambe isikhundla esiphambili emhlabeni ekuthengiseni abantu. Abalobi bezombusazwe baphetha ngokuthi uma uhulumeni ezenza ukuthumela abafuduki emsebenzini, isimo sizolungiswa.
7. I-Cannabis
E-UK, imboni ye-cannabis engekho emthethweni ikhula, ihilela umsebenzi wezingane, nezingane ezivela eVietnam. Abathengisi, befika ezindaweni ezingenamakhaya zaseVietnam, bathembisa abazali babo ngesilinganiso esithile ukuthatha izingane zabo ezicebile eBrithani, lapho bayoba khona ukuphila okujabulisayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, izingane ziwela ebugqilini. Awukwazi ukukhalaza, ngoba awukho emthethweni, kodwa umqashi uhlale esongela ukubulala abazali bawo. Phakathi nokuhlasela, izingane zaseVietnam ziboshwe. Kukhona ngisho nenhlangano ethi "Izingane zezohwebo ze-Cannabis", efuna ukunakekelwa umphakathi kule nkinga.
8. Amafutha omuthi
Umkhiqizo omningi hhayi emazweni ase-Asia kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ngamafutha esundu, asetshenziselwa emasimini ahlukene, isibonelo, embonini yezimonyo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamafutha. Ososayensi bathi ukukhiqizwa kwalo mkhiqizo kunezingozi ezisemvelo, kodwa akuyona yinkinga kuphela, ngoba umsebenzi wesigqila usetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Izinsiza eziyinhloko zihlala eBorneo naseNorth Sumatra.
Ukuze bathole izisebenzi zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, abanikazi bezitshalo bangena ezinkontileka ezinkampani zangaphandle, okusho ukuthi ukulawulwa komthetho. Abantu basebenza kanzima cishe ngaphandle kwezinsuku, futhi baze babashaye ngokuphula imithetho. Izinkampani eziyaziwayo zivame ukuthola izincwadi ezithukuthele nezixwayiso zokubambisana nabontrakontoni abasebenzisa izisebenzi zenceku.
9. Electronics
E-China, kunomshini odumile we-electronics Foxconn, okhiqiza izingxenye futhi ohlanganisa imikhiqizo ephezulu yezinkampani, bese uyithengisa ngaphansi kohlobo lwabo. Igama laleli bhizinisi livame ukukhanya ezindabeni, futhi ngendlela engafanele, njengoba kubhalwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ukwephulwa okuhlobene nomsebenzi wabantu. Abantu abakuleli sitshalo basebenza isikhathi esengeziwe (kuze kube amahora angu-100 ngesonto), bavame ukukhokha inkokhelo. Omunye akanakuhluleka ukukhuluma ngezimo ezimbi ezisebenzayo ezingafaniswa nejele.
Lapho kutholakala izinkinga, izinkampani eziningi ze-American electronics zajeziswa, zaphoqeleka ukuba zithuthukise izimo zokusebenza, phakathi kwabahlukumezi kwakuyi-brand brand yakwa-Apple. Naphezu kwemizamo eyenziwe ukushintsha isimo sezinto, izimo zisalokhu zimbi. Ngokusho kolwazi olutholakalayo, ngenxa yezimo zokusebenza ezimbi, abantu baze bazibulala ngokusuka ophahleni lenkampani, ngakho ukuphathwa kweFoxconn kufaka inethiwekhi ngezansi. Kulo nkampani, abasebenzi abazange banikwe ngisho nezihlalo ukuze bangaphumuli. Ngemuva kokugxekwa okukhulu, ezinye izihlalo zakhishwa, kepha abantu bangahlala ku-1/3 kuphela.
10. Umkhakha wezocansi
Imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yobugqila yizocansi, lapho abesifazane abaningi abavela emazweni ahlukene ahluphekile bahileleka khona. Kunolwazi ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva kube khona amagagasi amaningi okugqilazwa kwabantu. Phakathi kwabo, abesifazane abaningi bebiwe eColombia, eDominican Republic naseNigeria. Idatha etholakalayo ibonisa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva, abesifazane besuka emazweni angaphambili e-USSR baye bawela ebugqilini bobulili, kufaka phakathi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.