Ezikhathini ezihlukahlukene zomlando, abesifazane babehlala emhlabeni, abavelele phakathi kwamanye amakhono abo engqondo nolwazi lobuhlobo nabantu. EJapane, kuthiwa yi-geishas, futhi eGrisi lasendulo yayisebenzisa igama elithi hetaera.
Ubani abayi-hetaera?
Abamele ubulili obuhle abahola indlela yokuphila yamahhala futhi baba izinduna zamadoda amaningi babizwa ngokuthi yi-heters. Ekuqaleni, lo mqondo wawusetshenziswa kuphela ohlangothini lwezigqila, futhi-ke, washintsha waba abesifazane abakhululekile. I-Goethera yaba umsebenzi ohloniphekile. Ngokokuqala ngqa leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa eGrisi lasendulo, futhi-ke lathuthela kwezinye izindawo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi lezi zindawo zikhona, cabangela amaqiniso ambalwa ngabo:
- Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abanjalo badlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi yedolobha, ngoba babe nemfundo enhle, ithalente nokuhlakanipha.
- Ama-Courtesans angathonya isiphetho sabantu, lapho aqhuba khona "ubusuku", lapho abantu abahloniphekile bezobuchwepheshe ezahlukene bebuthene khona.
- Ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi lezi zindawo eziyisikhombisa, kufanele kubone ukuthi abesifazane abanjalo bangashada, kodwa bona ngokwabo ngokuvamile bazimisele ukuhlala bengashadile.
- AmaCroteste ayenabo abanikazi abacebile abawanikeze ngokuphelele konke okudingekayo, kodwa kufanele kubone ukuthi ukuhlonishwa kwabesifazane abanjalo kuwufanele kakhulu.
Ubani oyingqayizivele emlandweni wamaGreki?
Abesifazane, okuthiwa i-hetaera, babezimele, okwabahlinzeka ithuba lokuzibandakanya ekuthuthukiseni, bafunde futhi bachithe isikhathi sokuzijabulisa kwabo. I-ancient hetaera yaseGreek yayihluke kakhulu kubesifazane abashadile ngaleso sikhathi ababengenamalungelo ngokuqhathaniswa nabayeni babo. Kwakukhona izikole ezikhethekile ze-courtesans, lapho ungathola khona ulwazi oludingekayo. Ukuthola ukuthi i-hetaera enjalo iyinkolelo-mlando, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abaningi balaba besifazane babengeyona nje imininingwana yezimbongi nabaculi, kodwa futhi nomsindisi wezizwe zonke.
Ungaba kanjani u-hetaera?
Abaningi bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi abesifazane abanjalo 'bangamabhotela amnyama ebusuku.' Abamele ubulili obuhle, abazama ukuthola indawo yokuhlala, kumele baqonde ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Into ewukuthi ayengenazo ezinhle kuphela ezithombeni, kodwa futhi ekukhulumisaneni. Abesifazane besifazane behlukile uma bekwazi ukuveza ngokucacile nangendlela efanele futhi bahlele imicabango yabo. Akukona nje ukudukisa ubulili obuqinile, kodwa futhi wabanikeza iseluleko esibalulekile, futhi baduduza ezikhathini ezinzima.
Izimfihlo zikaHeather
Kunezincomo eziningana okumelwe zicatshangelwe, ufisa ukufunda ukudukisa amadoda afana nama-hetars.
- AmaCrettes aseGrisi lasendulo ayazi ukuthi ayabaluleka futhi awavunyelwe ukwehlisa isithunzi sabo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadideli leli khadi ngokuzethemba okuzenzekelayo.
- Owesifazane kufanele azi ngokukhanga kwakhe, ngoba ubulili bobulili obuhle buba nesithakazelo sayo esiyingqayizivele.
- I-courtesans yama-courtesans yayihlale ihlelwe kahle futhi ihlanzekile.
- Owesifazane kufanele ajabule futhi akhululeke ukukhonza hhayi nje kuphela njengamamori, kodwa futhi njengesekelo lomuntu.
- Kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise izinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze kungabi ukulalela kuphela, kodwa nokugcina ingxoxo .
- Ukuthola ukuthi yiyiphi i-hetaera enjalo, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi abesifazane abanjalo bayazi ukuthi bangabamba kanjani umuntu, basebenzisa izincomo. Into esemqoka ukukhuluma ngezici ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Udinga ukwazi umehluko phakathi kobulili nokuhlambalaza, ngoba kufanele kube khona indawo yokucabanga.
- I-Goethe ayizange ibonise wonke amakhono abo nolwazi, ezama ukugcina ukukhathazeka nokuthakazelisa.
I-hetaera yanamuhla
Nakuba izwe lilokhu lishintsha njalo, amadoda afanayo afuna ukubona owesifazane onabo, ozohlanganisa izimfanelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile: abe ngumfazi omuhle nomama wezingane, bakwazi ukudala induduzo, agcine izingxoxo ezihlakaniphile futhi anelise embhedeni. Owesifazane wesimanje we-hetaera yilowo ophethe ukuhlakanipha kwabesifazane ukuze ahlanganise ngobuciko zonke lezi zimfanelo ezibalulekile ukuze ubulili obuqine. Kubalulekile ukugcina isithombe esinjalo kulo lonke impilo futhi ungaphumuli, ukuze indoda ingabi nesithakazelo kwenye.
AmaHethers awaziwayo
Ezinsukwini zaseGrisi lasendulo, abesifazane abaningi babeziqhenya ngokugqoka igama elithi "hetaera", kodwa phakathi kwabo ungabona abantu abadumile.
- Archeanassa . Lona wesifazane oyinhloko ekuphileni komfilosofi odumile uPlato. Sekuyisikhathi eside engamvumeli emzimbeni wakhe, ngakho ubudlelwane balaba babiliwa ngokuthi "platonic."
- I-Goethera Thais yase-Athene . Lo wesifazane wayethandana no-Alexander the Great, kodwa wayengumkakhe kaFaro Ptolemy I Soter.
- I-Aspasia . Umkakhe wesibili kaPericles uyinhloko yase-Athene. Wayephuma ngaphandle kobuhle nobuhlakani bakhe. USocrates ngokwakhe wayevame ukufika endlini ka-Aspasia ukulalela ukucabanga kwakhe.
- Heter Frina . Wayeyisibonelo sikaPraxitel, ecela isithombe sika-Aphrodite. Ngenxa yalolu daba wabizwa enkantolo, ecabanga ukuthi ukumema ohlonishwayo njengesibonelo, wahlambalaza unkulunkulu. Ukuze afakaze ukukhetha okulungile, uPraxitel wasusa izingubo zakhe kuFrina, ngakho-ke u-Areyopago wabona ubuhle bakhe.
Archeanassa
UThais wase-Athene
I-Aspasia
Phryne