Isifo sikashukela sibhekisela esihlokweni esibonakala ngokukhula komchamo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela esinamagama afanayo: ushukela kanye non-ushukela, kodwa ngaphandle kokufana kwamagama, lezi zifo azifani kakhulu, futhi ngezindlela ezithile ziphikisa. I-non-diabetes mellitus inenye i-etiology, ibonakala kwezinye izibonakaliso futhi idinga uhlelo olukhethekile lokulashwa.
I-sugar and diabetes insipidus - umehluko
Ushukela nesifo sikashukela i-insipidus sibonakala ngokunyuka kokuvuthwa. Igama elithi isifo sikashukela ngokwayo lihunyushwe ngokuthi "kudlula". Kodwa-ke, phakathi kweshukela nesifo sikashukela insipidus kunenani lokubaluleka okubalulekile:
- Ukuvama. Okungeyona isifo sikashukela esincane kakhulu esivamile kunoshukela futhi singokwezibalo zokuhlukumezeka.
- Isizathu. Ukubonakala kwesifo sikashukela kungabangela indlela yokuphila engalungile, ukwehluleka kwezinqubo zemithi. Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus zingabangela ukuhlukumezeka, ukungenelela kwe-neurosurgical, ukuphazamiseka kwe-circulatory, izinqubo zesifo sofuba, isifo sezinso.
- Amahomoni. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zinokuntuleka kwe-hormone ye-insulin, futhi i-insipid - i-vasopressin.
- Ukudlula okwezinto. Ngesifo sikashukela, kukhona ukwanda kweglucose, futhi uma kungenjalo ushukela, ama-salti nama-electrolyte.
- Isizathu sokwanda kwamanzi. Esikhathini sikashukela, kune -glucose ngokweqile, lapho umzimba uzama ukuqeda ngokukhuphula umkhiqizo. Nge-diabetes insipidus, noma yiziphi izinso azikwazi ukuxhumana ne-hormone elwa nesifo sikashukela noma ungayitholi.
Amafomu we-diabetes insipidus
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela sinomsebenzi okwanele we-hormone vasopressin. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba kunezinkinga, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zesifo ziyahlukahluka:
- Ifomu eliphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lusungulwa ngenxa yokukhathazeka emsebenzini weminyango yobuchopho. I-hormone ye-Antidiuretic iphela ukukhiqizwa noma ingadluliselwa egazini.
- Ifomu le-Renal. Isifo sikashukela sikhula ngenxa yokungakwazi kwezinso ukuthatha i-vasopressin.
Isifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela
I-Nephrigenic yesifo sikashukela i-insipidus ithathwa njengesifo esingavamile. Yakhiwe ngenxa yezinguquko zofuzo noma njengomphumela ohlangothini wokuthatha imithi. I-kidney stop isabela kwi-hormone bese yenza isamba esikhulu se-hypotonic umchamo. Umzimba ulahlekelwa uketshezi kanye nosawoti ngamanani angamukeleki, ngakho isiguli sivame ukuqala ukuzizwa somile. Ukwelashwa okungahleliwe kungabangela igebe lentuthuko ezinganeni, nakubantu abadala - ezinkingeni zezinzwa.
Isifo sikashukela esiphakathi insipidus
I-Central diabetes insipidus, i-pathogenesis kanye nokwelashwa sekuye kwacwaningwa ngokujulile ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lezifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwenani lezenzo zokulimala nokulimala kwekhanda. I-hormone vasopressin ifihlwa ngumzimba njengoba iyadingeka futhi iphendula izinguquko ezincane kakhulu esimweni se-plasma yegazi. Ngesifo sikashukela esiphakathi i-insipidus kukhona isici ekusithekeni kwe-vasopressin, ngenxa yalokho umchamo okhishwa njalo.
Izifo ezingezona isifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo olusushukela lungenzeka ngenxa yezimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Ezimweni ezingavamile, odokotela abakwazi ukubona i-etiology, okwakwandisa ukwanda kwamanzi. Izimbangela ezivamile zesifo yizi:
- ukwehluleka kwe-hypothalamus njengengcindezi emva kwezifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuxubha, ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukuhlukumeza ikhanda;
- inkinga emva kokusebenza kwe-neurosurgical;
- ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza ebuchosheni ;
- Izifo zezinso: izicubu, ukuvuvukala, ama-cysts, izinguquko ezishintshayo;
- imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa;
- i-pathologies yesifo sofuba sezinso noma izingxenye zobuchopho.
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - izimpawu
I-non-diabetes mellitus, izimpawu zazo ezinzima kakhulu, ithola ukuthi isivele ivele ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zalolu hlobo lwesifo esingenabuhlungu zalesi sifo ziyomile futhi zivuthwa njalo. I-urine inganikezwa amalitha angama-30 ngosuku, okwenza ukuba isiguli siphumele futhi simenze abe nengcindezi. Ezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela insipidus yizi:
- usayizi owandayo wesosha;
- ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba;
- ukulala noma inkathazo yokulala;
- ukukhiqizwa kwe-sweat eyancipha;
- ukucindezela okungapheli komzimba;
- ukudla okubuthakathaka;
- isikhumba esomile kanye nezinambuzane ezimangcwaba ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ;
- ukuphazamiseka kokuya esikhathini ukuya kwabesifazane kanye nokubuthakathaka kwamadoda.
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - ukuxilongwa
Udokotela angasolwa ukuthi utholakala ngokuthi "isifo sikashukela insipidus" esekelwe izikhalazo zesiguli. Ukoma njalo nokwabiwa kwemvini enkulu yizibonakaliso ezinkulu zokuba khona kwalesi sifo. Ukuqinisekisa ukusola, banikezwa izinhlobo ezinjalo zokuxilongwa:
- Isivivinyo sikaZimnitsky, esiza ukucacisa inani lokuphuma komchamo, ukulingana kwabantu kanye ne-hyponatriuria;
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-calcium, i-potassium ne-glucose;
- ukuhlolwa ngesomiso;
- I-X-ray ne-MRI yobuchopho;
- I-Ultrasound ne-CT yezinso, ezimweni ezingavamile - i- kidney biopsy .
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - izivivinyo
I-Hyperglycemia, i-hypoglycemia - isifo sikashukela i-insipidus ifana nezinye izimpawu eziyisisekelo. Uma okusolakala ukuthi i-diabetes insipidus kufanele ibe uchungechunge lwezivivinyo:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele (i-hemoglobin, inani lama-erythrocyte nama-leukocyte liyokhuphuka);
- ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungabi khona kwe-acetone noshukela;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemistry namahomoni (isifo sikashukela insipidus sibonakala ukwanda kwenani le-sodium, i-potassium, i-chloride, i-renin);
- ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose ukubekezelela ukuzimisela kwezinga leshukela;
- ukuhlolwa nge-adiurecrin noma i-pituitrin: ukwehla ekomeni nokuvuthwa kuzophakamisa ukuthi kukhona isifo sikashukela sosizi;
- ukuhlolwa ngesomiso;
- ukuhlolwa nge-desmopressin.
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - ukwelashwa
Ngaphambi kokwelapha isifo sikashukela insipidus, kubalulekile ukusungula ukuthi imbangela yesifo siyini. Uma isifo sibangelwa ngenxa yezinkinga ekuthuthukiseni i-hormone yobuchopho i-vasopressin, izidakamizwa ezine-analogue zokwenziwa kwe-hormone zishiwo. Uma umthombo wesifo kuwukuthi ukwephulwa kwe-hormone ngezinso, udokotela ubeka ukuphathwa kwe-thiazide diuretics, okusebenza kwayo ukulawula ukukhiqizwa komchamo. Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - izincomo zomtholampilo
Kulezi ziguli ezitholakala ukuthi une-diabetes insipidus, izincomo zokuziphatha nendlela yokudla zidlala indima ebalulekile. Odokotela banxusa iziguli ezinjalo ukuba zizinake izici ezilandelayo:
- Awukwazi ukuzikhawulela ketshezi.
- Ukucima ukoma, kungcono ukusebenzisa iziphuzo zezithelo, ama-juice, ama-compotes.
- Kufanele idliwe kaningi, kepha i-fractional.
- Kubalulekile ukulandela ukudla okukhethekile.
- Ukuze uthuthukise ukulala, ungasebenzisa izindlela zokupheka.
- Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi enqunywe udokotela wakho.
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa
Imithi esemqoka yesifo sikashukela i-insipidus yizidakamizwa ezithatha i-hormone vasopressin. I-hormone yokufakelwa inomphumela ohlala njalo kanye nenani elincane lemiphumela emibi. Usemithi enjalo:
- Adiuretin - amaconsi emmpeni, enomphumela ohlala njalo;
- I-Desmopressin - amaphilisi, onomsebenzi ophansi wezinto eziphilayo kunamaconsi;
- I-Mininin imithi esetshenziselwa ngokugcwele ku-polyuria kwanoma imuphi uhlobo;
- I-Emosint - ukulungiswa kwezijovo.
Lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa isifo sikashukela insipidus ifomu eliphakathi. Okungeyona isifo sikashukela, esibangelwa ukuvuvukala, siphathwa ngama-antibiotic kanye nezidakamizwa ezingezona izifo ezibulalayo: Ibuprofen, Indomethacin. Uma uhlobo lwe-nephrogenic lwesifo sikashukela lunqunywe ukwelashwa nge-thiazide diuretics:
- I-Indapamide (i-Ionik, i-Pamid, i-Tenzar) - inomphumela wesikhathi eside wokulinganisela;
- I-Hydrochlorothiazide (i-Hypothiazide) - inomphumela ophakathi futhi omkhulu.
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - izikhambi zabantu
Izifo zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus, enefomu le-nephrogenic noma eliphakathi, aliziboleki ukuqedela ukwelashwa. Ngosizo lwamakhambi omuntu, umuntu anganciphisa umuzwa wokoma, athuthukise umsebenzi wobuchopho, aqede ukuleleka.
- Ukuze unciphise umuzwa wokoma, kutuswa ukuphuza i-decoction yamaqabunga ama-walnut. Ingilazi yamanzi abilayo idinga ama-5 g amaqabunga aphelile. Ukumnika amandla kudliwe usuku lonke.
- Ukuze uthuthukise ubuchopho, imithi yomdabu iluleka ukudla 1 tsp. ufulawa we-pea ngosuku.
- Ukwenza ngcono ukulala kunconywa ukumnika ukukhipha kwe-motherwort, i-caraway kanye nomsuka we-valerian. Zonke izingxenye zixubene futhi zihlukanisiwe 2 tbsp. ingxube. Amakhambi athululelwa ku-350 ml wamanzi abilayo futhi agcizelela amahora amaningana. Phuza ukumnika kufanele kube ihora ngaphambi kokulala futhi ngokucasula okukhulu.
- Ukunciphisa inani lokuchama, ukunciphisa ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungafinyelelwa ngosizo lwe-inflorescences eyomile ye-immortelle nesisu. Amakhambi kufanele athathwe ngokulinganayo ngesamba sepuniji eli-1, uthele uhhafu wamitha wamanzi abilayo bese ubambelela amahora angu-8. Phuza ingxenye yesithathu yeglasi ngemuva kwamahora amane.
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - ukudla
Ukudla ngesifo sikashukela i-insipidus kuyinto ehlukile kokudla okunomsoco uma kwenzeka uhlobo lweshukela lesi sifo. Ukudla kwesiguli kumele kufaka phakathi ama-carbohydrate okusheshayo nokukhuni okugaya, amafutha kanye nemithi emincane yamaphrotheni. Umsebenzi wokudla okunesifo esinjalo ukubuyiswa kwezidingo zomzimba, ukugcwala ngamavithamini adingekayo kanye nama-microelements. Izithelo ezomile, inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu namantongomane kuzosiza ukusekela isilwane esibuthakathaka.
Yidla ukudla okuncane emahoreni amathathu, okuzoba ukudla okungama-6 ngosuku. Ukupheka kungcono kakhulu kumbhangqwana noma kuhhavini. Gwema izitsha ezithosiwe, ezivundiwe, ezisawoti nezokubhema. Phuza ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga okungenani ama-2.5 amalitha ngosuku. Isiguli akudingeki sikhumbule isidingo sokuphuza amanzi, ngoba ukoma ngumngane wakhe ohlala njalo. Kusukela kuketshezi kuyasiza ukusebenzisa iziphuzo zezithelo, amaji, ama-compotes, ama-kissels. isithombe4
Okungeyona isifo sikashukela - izinkinga
Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela i-insipidus ziyingozi ngokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye nayo yonke imiphumela ephuma kulokhu. Njengoba lesi sifo siqala, lesi sifo sakha umbuthano ononya: ukoma kukhula, kepha lapho isiguli siphuza amanzi, amanzi akhululwa, angagcwalisi izidingo zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli sinobuthakathaka, i-palpitations, izifo ze-neurologic, i-dyspnea. Uma ungenzi lutho ngalesi sikhathi ukwelashwa, umzimba uyafa ngenxa yokuntuleka koketshezi oludingekayo.
Ukuchazwa kwesifo sikashukela insipidus
Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelapha isifo sikashukela insipidus kubantu abadala kanye nezingane incike ekuseni kwesifo:
- Uma lesi sifo sibonakale ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ngokuvamile sidlula isikhathi ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele.
- Uma isifo sikashukela sibhekene nesizinda se-malaria, isifo sofuba, isifo sofuba, lesi sifo sizophinde siphenduke njengoba sisuka esibhedlela esiyisisekelo.
- Okungafani nesifo sikashukela, esibangelwa isisu, singancipha kancane kancane ngemva kokususwa kwayo.
- Kunezimo ezingavamile zokuqeda uhlobo lwe-nephrogenic yalesi sifo ebuntwaneni.
- Ukwelashwa okufanele kusiza iziguli ziphile impilo yazo futhi zifeze imisebenzi yazo.