Amazinyo alahlekelwe ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene akugcini nje ukulimaza ukumomotheka, kodwa futhi abangela izinkinga eziningi: ukwandisa umthwalo kumazinyo asele, ukushintsha ukuluma, ukuguqulwa kwesichazamazwi, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya, nokunye okunye. Indlela yesimanje yokubuyiselwa kwe-dentition isungulwa kwamazinyo, izici zazo ezizocatshangelwa ngezansi.
Ukwakhiwa kwamazinyo - izinkomba nokuphikisana
Ukusungulwa kwamazinyo kuyindlela yokuhlinzekela okuhlinzekela ukufaka esikhundleni samazinyo alahlekile ngokufaka ukufakelwa kwensimbi emathisini amaningi ase-maxillary enza indima yezinyo nezinyosi. Umklamo ofakiwe ufanisa kahle izinyo futhi wenza yonke imisebenzi efanele. Ukwakhiwa kwamazinyo kanje:
- i-adentia ephelele noma eyingxenye ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo noma ukungaboni kahle kokuzalwa;
- izifo eziholela ekusenikeni kwamazinyo, ukukhwabanisa nokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo;
- ukungabi khona kwamathuba okufaka nokugqoka izifebe ezihlala njalo;
- izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokungabikho .
Kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi abanye abagulayo lolu hlobo lokushintshwa kwamazinyo abonakalisiwe, okuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kungenzeka ukuthi akufanelekile ngenxa yokulinganiselwa nokuphikisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi kunesidingo sokuxhaphazwa kokusebenza kokuqala ukubuyisela umhlathi wesikhumba, uma isikhathi esiningi sidlulile kusukela ekulahlekelweni kwezinyo, futhi ithambo liye laba nesikhathi sokubamba i-atrophy. Ake sicabangele, yiziphi izimo zokufakelwa kwamazinyo okuzokwenza lokhu ngeke kwenzeke:
- ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwesimiso sokuphefumula nesisu senhliziyo;
- izifo zamasosha omzimba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwegazi;
- izifo ze-rheumatic zezicubu ezixhumeneyo;
- isifo sofuba esigabeni esiphakeme senkambo;
- i-pathology ye-joint temporomandibular;
- izifo eziphilayo;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-osteoporosis ;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi ezitholakala emlonyeni womlomo;
- ukukhulelwa, isikhathi sokuncelisa.
Izinhlobo zokufakelwa kwamazinyo
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokufakelwa kwezimila zamazinyo, ngasinye esichazwa yizici zayo ezikhethekile, ama-pluses kanye namaminithi. Lokhu kuyindlela ye-classical, basal , isinyathelo esisodwa, ukufakelwa kwamazinyo konke okuku-4. Yikuphi ukufakelwa kwamazinyo okungcono kakhulu isiguli esimweni ngasinye, udokotela uzokwazi ukunquma, ukuhlolwa kwezinqubo zokuhlola nokudingeka.
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo okuvamile
Inqubo yobuciko isetshenzisiwe kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, yenziwa ngokucacile futhi iyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokufakelwa. Kulokhu, umuntu akanakulindela umphumela osheshayo, ngoba inqubo yenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukungena kokufakelwa emathisheni ethambo namaphrotheni. Isikhathi sesikhathi esiphakathi kwalezi zinyathelo singase sisuke ezinyangeni ezinye kuya kweziyisithupha, kuye ngesilinganiso se-engraftment.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe ama-prostheses amazinyo emiphakathini, kwakhiwe ukwakhiwa okhethekile ekwakhiweni kwegamu futhi kusetshenziselwa isixuku - into ehlangene phakathi kokutshala nomqhele . Esinye isici esibalulekile sendlela ukuthi singasetshenziswa izinyanga 1.5-3 kuphela emva kokulahlekelwa izinyo, emva kokuphulukiswa okuphelele kwesikhwama.
Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe beklasi:
- umzimba ulula ukuzivumelanisa nokufakelwa kwesakhiwo ngokusebenzisa inqubo elandelayo;
- ukwethenjwa okuthenjelwa emathangeni amathanga;
- ithuba lokubuyisela wonke amazinyo kulolu chungechunge, silungiselela ukufaka ibhuloho lemikhosi eminingana.
Umthengi:
- isikhathi eside sokwelapha;
- ingozi yokubukeka kabi kwegamu;
- isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi sokulandela.
Ukufakwa kwesisekelo kwamazinyo
Ngokungafani nemiklamo ye-classical, lapho izimpande zishaywa khona ungqimba olusulayo lwethambo, ukufakelwa kwamathambo e-baseal basal kwenziwa ngokubeka isakhiwo emgqeni ojulile futhi onamandla womhlathi. Ngenxa yalokhu kungenzeka ukubeka amazinyo ngisho nokungabikho kwamazinyo noma ukulahlekelwa isikhathi eside - amathambo amathambo we-bone alveolar akubalulekile, futhi izicubu ezisisekelo zingaphansi kwe-atrophy. Umklamo unamathele kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zendlela:
- izimpande ze-basal zingafakwa engxenyeni;
- imigomo emincane yokwelapha;
- ukuhlukumezeka okuncane kwezicubu ezithambile.
Izici ezimbi:
- ngokuvamile ngesizo lendlela, okungenani amazinyo amathathu abuyiselwa kanyekanye;
- izidingo ezengeziwe ze-qualification yodokotela owenza lo msebenzi.
Ukufakwa ngokushesha kwamazinyo
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza isinyathelo-by-step indlela ye-classic ingaba isiteji esisodwa (isiteji esisodwa) ukufakwa okufakiwe, okwenziwe ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha izinyo ezithintekayo. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuqhuba ukufakelwa ngaphandle kokusakazwa okwengeziwe kwezicubu ezithambile. Ukuvakashelwa okulodwa emtholampilo, ukufakelwa kwamazinyo, umsizi kanye nomqhele wesikhashana kufakwe. Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuphela esimweni esinempilo neziqinile ezinama-alveoli tissue.
Izinzuzo zendlela:
- ukuhlukunyezwa okuphansi;
- induduzo yengqondo;
- ukuphumula kwesikhashana.
Umthengi:
- ukulungisa isakhiwo akuthenjelwa;
- eduze kwezinyo ezikhishiwe kumele kufakwe amazinyo anempilo.
Ukutshalwa kwamazinyo konke ku-4
Ama-prosthetics amazinyo onke ngo-4 ("wonke ama-four"), athuthukiswe yiNobel, eyenziwa uma kungabikho kwamazinyo okuphelele emgodini womlomo kanye ne-atrophy yamathambo. Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka implantshi ezine: ezimbili zibe yingxenye yangaphakathi yomhlathi, ezibekwe eceleni, futhi ezimbili zibe endaweni yamazinyo okuhlakulela afakwe engxenyeni. Ama-prostheses aqukethe amakhanda angu-12 angafakwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokufaka izakhiwo emathanjeni amathambo. Nge-adentium egcwele ibeka izifesheni, ezingenayo imiqhele nje kuphela, kodwa nezinambuzane zokufakelwa.
Izinzuzo zendlela:
- okungekho emthethweni;
- umphumela osheshayo;
- ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwe-prosthesis fixation.
Izinkinga:
- Ukusebenza kuphela nge-atrophy yezinga elincane nelincane;
- ingozi yokulahlwa izimplantshi (njengokunye namanye amasu).
Izinhlobo zezimila zamazinyo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimplantshi, kodwa zonke zivame ukwenziwa nge-titanium alloy, okungavamile kakhulu - kwe-zirconium oxide (amamodeli anjalo ayabiza). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izimila zinesakhiwo esifanayo. Cabanga ngalokho ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kubandakanya (izingxenye eziyisisekelo):
- umzimba ofakwe emathanjeni amathambo (angase abukeke njengeplate, isilinda, itayipi, umshini);
- umsizi (ikhanda) -yingxenye yokugcizelela i-prosthesis, ingaba ukukhiya noma ukukhiya ukukhiya;
- intamo - isici phakathi komzimba nekhanda;
- Ikhefu le-gingival liyisikrini esiqhamuka okwesikhashana ukuze sinikeze ukuma kwesimo sobuhle sezinsini.
Kuye ngokuma, amandla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufakwa, lezi zinhlobo zezimila zihlukaniswa:
- umxhwele omile;
- ipuleti;
- kuhlangene;
- i-subperiostal;
- i-endodontic iqiniswe;
- okungahambi kahle;
- implants mini.
Isilinganiso sama-implants zamazinyo
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi impilo ehlanganisiwe yokufakelwa kwamazinyo ingahluka, ikakhulukazi enqunywe ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ukufaneleka kwemishini yokufaka, isimo samathambo amancane nezigulane zeziguli, futhi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kwe-prosthesis kubalulekile ekuqineni kwesakhiwo esakhiwe. Abakhiqizi babeka isikhathi sewaranti ehlukene yezimplantshi, okungaba ngu-10, 15, 20 noma ngaphezulu. Izimplantshi zamazinyo eziphakeme kunazo zonke nezindleko ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo ezivela ezinkampanini ezilandelayo ziqinisekisa impilo yonke yokuphila:
- I-Nobel Biocare (eSwitzerland);
- I-Straumann (Switzerland);
- I-XIVE (eJalimane);
- I-Astra Tech (i-Sweden);
- I-Anthogyr (France).
Aphansi eshibhile, kodwa ibhekene nemikhiqizo emihle yekhwalithi yabakhiqizi abanjalo:
- I-Schutz (eJalimane);
- I-Niko (iRussia);
- I-Zimmer (USA).
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kwenziwa kanjani?
Ake sicabangele ukuthi ukufakwa kwamazinyo kwenzeka kanjani ezimweni eziningi, okuvela kuzo izigaba eziyinhloko:
- Ukunqunywa kwembonakaliso kanye nokuhlonza izinkampani ezithintekayo kule nqubo.
- Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa, okubandakanya ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinamazinyo, izinsini, ukuguqulwa kwemiqhele endala.
- Ukwenza umfanekiso we-panoramic womhlathi futhi uhlaziywe i-tomography ukuze wembule i-pathologies efihliwe futhi ukhethe indawo eqondile yokufakelwa.
- Ukwelashwa ukufaka ukutshala, okuyinto uma kudingekile kuqala kuqala ukwakheka kwamathambo amathambo.
- Ukufakwa komthunzi we-shaper kanye nesisu.
- Ukufakwa kwe-prosthesis.
Ukwandiswa kwezicubu zamathambo ngenkathi kutholakala amazinyo
Ukuze kuhlanganiswe isakhiwo nokunamathiselwe kwayo okuthembekile, kubalulekile ukuba ube nokuphakama okwanele nobubanzi bezincuba zethambo, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi isandiso sesifuba sokuqala siyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo noma ejwayelekile ngenye yezindlela ezilandelayo:
- amathambo epulasitiki (ukufakelwa kwesithambo somuthi wesiguli, amathambo e-donor noma ukuphindwa kabusha kwezinto zokwakha);
- ukuvuselelwa kwethambo (ukuphindaphinda i-membrane kusuka kwento ehambisana ne-biocompatible ekhuthaza ithambo lemvelo ukwakheka);
- ukuphakanyiswa kwemithi ( ukuphakamisa umshini we-sinilla maxillary, ngenxa yokuthi inani lamathambo e-bone landa).
Ukufakwa kwama-dental implants
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo noma jikelele. Isikhathi sokuxhashazwa ukufaka umzimba wesakhiwo kungama-20-30 amaminithi. Ngomshini wokugqoka nokukhethekile osesitheni, kubhekwa umbhede, lapho kufakwa khona ukufakwa. Izinqubo ezengeziwe zokufaka yonke isakhiwo kanye nomqhele wamazinyo kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwezinqubo ezikhethiwe. Inzima kakhulu futhi inzima kakhulu ngenxa yezici zesimiso ukufakwa kwamazinyo aphezulu.
Ukutshalwa kwamazinyo - izinkinga
Ukuqhutshwa kokufakwa kokufakelwa kuhlanganiswe nengozi yemiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kukhona amathuba okuthuthukiswa kokuphuma kwegazi kanye ne-perforation yethambo. Emva kokufakelwa, izinkinga zingase zisheshe futhi ziphele. Siyabona imiphumela engenakugwema okuhlanganiswa ngayo amazinyo: i-edema, isifo sobuhlungu, ukuphakama kokushisa komzimba. Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile yomzimba ekuphenduleni ukungenelela okuhlinzayo. Ukwehlukana okuvela kumkhuba wukuthi:
- ukulahlwa kokufakelwa;
- i-peri-implantitis;
- izinqubo ze-atrophic bone.