I-Ogorodniku kuyinto efiselekayo ukucacisa ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wezentwasahlobo, imbewu yezintamatisi ezizobe zilungele isakhiwo sakhe. Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala emhlabathini ovulekile, njengomthetho, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokutamatisi: yini okudingeka uyiqonde ukuze ugweme amaphutha ekuhleleni kokutshala.
Ukuqaphela futhi okungapheli - kusho ukuthini lokhu?
Uma sithenga imbewu ka utamatisi, khona-ke emaphaketheni abonisiwe - uhlobo lwe-determinant (noma indeterminate). Ziyini utamatisi ezinquma futhi ezingenakunqunywa futhi umehluko phakathi kwabo:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlosiwe zika utamatisi. Ukuphakama kwesibhakabhaka kufinyelela ku-110 cm, ukukhula kwayo kuyayeka emva kokuhlanganisa ama-brushes 3-5 ezithelo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinikeza isivuno ekuqaleni (ezinqunywe - ezinsukwini ezingu-80-90 emva kokutshala, okuphakathi-emva kwezinsuku eziyi-100-110). Izinhlobo zivame ukuphikisana kahle nezifo.
- Izinhlobo ezingafani zamatamatisi. Ekukhuleni akukhawulelwanga, ngakho-ke isihlahla sidinga i-garter edingekayo ukuze isekele. Yiba nokuvuthwa okulandelayo, ngoba ibhulashi lokuqala liyakhiwa kuphela ngemuva kweshidi lesishiyagalombili neshumi. Ezindaweni ezivulekile izinhlobo ezinjalo zingcono ukukhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo zika utamatisi. Uma ukhulile ezindlini zokugcina izitshalo zingathatha izithelo unyaka wonke. Izihlahla zidinga ukwakheka okuvamile.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlosiwe zotamatisi zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo
Izidingo ezicacile zifakwe ezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi, ezikhulile ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, lapho kunzima ukugwema umswakama ophezulu kanye nezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe. Izimo ze-Hothouse zenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-fungal nezinye izifo zamatamatisi. Ngakho-ke, i-hybrid evumela i-tomato enhlobonhlobo ye-greenhouse, ukumelana ne-phytophthora , ukubola nezinye izifo,
- I-Bourgeois F1;
- I-Openwork F1;
- I-doll ye-F1.
Ngokudabukisayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola izinto ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi. Ngakho-ke uma uhlela ukuzitholela-zihlinzeke ngembewu, kungcono ukuqala okwejwayelekile, kunokuba kune-hybrid, izinhlobo:
- Alsou;
- I-Seagull;
- Le nkosikazi.
Utamatisi ocacile ovulekile
Utamatisi obunqunyiwe wezwe ovulekile waba yihle kakhulu:
- I-Volgogradsky 323;
- I-Tarpan F1;
- Utamatisi Bobcat F1;
- I-Red Riding Hood encane.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu utamatisi
U-Ogorodniki uzama njalo ukuthola izinhlobo eziningana zezitamatisi, ukuze kube khona ukulimala, futhi isivuno sithe xaxa - empeleni, izitshalo zomhlaba ezinikezwe izitshalo zensimu, njengokujwayelekile, usayizi omncane. Ezingenayo izithelo zingabizwa ngokuthi:
- Anastasia;
- Qinisa kabusha;
- I-giant enkulu ye-raspberry
Indlela yokutshala utamatisi obuncike ekushiseni okushisa?
Ukutshala utamatisi okwemvelo endaweni yokushisa, nakuba kudinga umzamo, kodwa hhayi umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. Into eyinhloko akuyona ukugxila ukutshala, ukwenza kahle isihlahla futhi ukubophezela kalula amagatsha we-utamatisi kuya ezisekelweni, ungavumeli isihlahla ukuba sibe ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba ugweme umswakama owedlulele, usebenzisa ukuchelela kokugcoba noma amabhodlela epulasitiki ejulile emhlabathini ngemigodla eyenziwe, amanzi okuyokhipha inhlabathi ezimpandeni, angaveli emhlabathini.
Ukunakekela utamatisi ocacile
Noma yimuphi utamatisi udinga ukunakekelwa njalo. Utamatisi ozimiseleyo akuyona into ehlukile, kunakekelwa kuzo zonke izinqubo zokutshala izimila. Ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kanye nenqubo yokukhula kwezitshalo, silwe nezilokazane. Ukulimala okukhulu kwezitshalo kungabangela ibhere , i-wireworm, ifosholo, i-whitefly.
- Yenza njalo ukufaka umquba ngamanyolo nge-microelements.
- Ukuqeda usongo lwe-phytophthora, umoya kufanele udlule ngokukhululekile phakathi kwezitshalo. Thepha izibhamu neziqu ezinkulu ezisekelweni. Lokhu kuzonciphisa umthwalo esiteshini futhi kugweme ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuchithwa kwayo.
- Yenza ukugqoka okuvamile kwamatamatisi ngamanyolo anezinhlamvu ezincane.
- Ukunisela kwenziwa kuze kube kusihlwa, kodwa ukuze umswakama emaqabungeni omiswe ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.
- Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwebrashi yezithelo, susa amahlamvu ngaphansi kwalo (1-2 izingcezu ngesonto, hhayi ngaphezulu). Kuphela ngaphandle kokushiseka: esitshalweni kufanele kuhlale okungenani ama-sheets 15-20, ikakhulukazi kushisa. Amaqabunga awadabuki izandla zakho, kodwa usike ukuze ungalimazi isiqu.
- Ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula, isimiso sezimpande asizange siphuze futhi umswakama uhlale emhlabathini, uhlanganise umhlabathi ozungezile izitshalo.
Ukubunjwa kwamatamatisi anquma
Uma uhlose ukuvuna isivuno esihle sezinhlobonhlobo ezihlosiwe zamatamatisi, akwanele ukuba ucabange ukuthi kunjani ukwazi ukwakha utamatisi obuncike ekushiseni okushisa kanye nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Kakade ngaphambi kokutshala ezitshalweni, qinisekisa ukuthi uzokwenza yini isihlahla njengesiqu esisodwa noma ezimbili noma ezintathu - lokhu kunquma ibanga okufanele lishiywe phakathi kwezihlahla lapho uhlwanyela (okuncane emhlathini wezitshalo, ukwanda kakhulu ungatshala utamatisi).
Izihlahla zezamatamatisi zakuqala nezikhulu kakhulu zikhulelwa ngisho nangaphambi kokukhula futhi zingase zingenzi ngaphandle kokwakhiwa. Ifomu elide - ifomu elilodwa, ukuphumula njalo. Ephakathi kweminyaka engaphansi kwe-first brush flower ushiye isiteji ukwakha utamatisi "ngeziqu ezimbili." Uma uhlela "ngeziqu ezintathu" ngokusebenzisa ama-inflorescences angu-1-2, shiya enye ingane enganeni. Ama-stepon asele asusiwe aze afinyelele ubukhulu obuyi-3 cm. Uma uhlakulela utamatisi esitheni sokushisa, isihlahla sakhiwa sibe yiziqu ezimbili noma ezintathu, sishiya kuze kube yizihlahla eziyisikhombisa zezitshalo ezitshalweni.
Ngokuya endaweni yokutshala utamatisi (ivaliwe noma evulekile), kusukela ezinyangeni ohlela ukuzovuna, ingabe ungahlanganyela njalo ekwakheni izitshalo kuwe futhi uma ukhetha - ukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zetamatisi: yikuphi - wena uyazi futhi awuvumeli izinyathelo ezingalungile, usukhule isivuno esikhulu samatamatisi.