Emphakathini wanamuhla, cishe akukho mntwana ongeke akwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokuqondisa kwe-polyclinic yezingane. Futhi, kusukela ekuzalweni, izingane zinikeza ukuhlolwa okuhlukile. Odokotela baye basungula isikhathi eside ukuthi kungenxa yokuhlaziya ukuthi isimo jikelele somzimba wengane singatholakala ngokucophelela. Sinikeza wena ukuba uzijwayele ngemigomo yezingcwaningo eziyisisekelo izingane ezidlula kuzo.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ezinganeni
Ngesikhathi sokuqala umntwana usinikeza igazi ukuhlola ezinyangeni ezingu-3. Ezinganeni, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyona efundisa kakhulu, ngakho odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi bangayinaki. Izinyanga ezi-3 ubudala zibhekwa njengezingcabangela izingane. Ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi kukhona ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo esinjenge-anemia. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabonakalisa noma yikuphi ukwesaba bese kuyilungisa ngesikhathi. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala ingane ithola inoculations kusuka poliomyelitis kanye ASKD. Imishanguzo yenziwa kuphela izingane eziphilile ngokuphelele, futhi ikuvumela ukuba unqume ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele. Kukhona isilinganiso esikhethekile sokuhlolwa kwegazi ezinganeni. Imingcele elandelayo ifundiswa egazini:
- i-erythrocytes. Ukuntuleka kwabo kubonisa ukuthi i-anemia enganeni;
- amaseli egazi amhlophe. Ukweqile kwabo kubonisa ukuba khona kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni;
- i-thrombocytes. Ukuntula kwabo kukhuluma ngokubi kakhulu kwegazi;
- i-eosinophils (uhlobo lwe-leukocytes). Ukunciphisa kwabo kukhuluma ngokutholakala kwezibungu emzimbeni nangomzimba;
- i-hemoglobin. Ukungafinyeleli kwalo kubonisa ukuthi i-anemia;
- I-ESR (izinga lokuncibilika kwe-erythrocytes). Isivinini esiphezulu sibonisa inqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
Ngezansi itafula elibonisa imigomo yezindinganiso zegazi ezinganeni.
| Inkomba | Izinyanga ezintathu | 1-6 ubudala | 6-12 ubudala |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Erythrocytes (x10 12 / l) | 3.3-4.1 | 3.6-4.7 | 3.6-5 |
| I-hemoglobin (g / l) | 109-134 | 109-139 | 109-144 |
| Ama-Platelets (x10 9 / L) | 179-399 | 159-389 | 159-379 |
| I-ESR (mm / h) | 4-9 | 4-13 | 5-13 |
| Ama-leukocytes (x10 9 / l) | 7-12 | 5-12 | 4.7-8.9 |
| Ama-Eosinophils (%) | 0.9-5.9 | 0.6-7.9 | 0.4-6.9 |
Imiphumela evamile yokuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela ezinganeni zisitshela ukuthi konke kulungile emzimbeni.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela
Igazi leshukela linikezwa kuphela esiswini esingenalutho. Ngosizo lwalolu hlaziyo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela mellitus kunqunywa. Umkhuba ushukela egazini ezinganeni yi-3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Uma inani leshukela egazini ezinganeni lihlukile kokujwayelekile, lokhu kungabonisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela. Kunoma iyiphi i-polyclinic, i-blood ushukela inikwe ngaphandle, ngoba ngaphambi kokunikeza lokhu kuhlolwa amahora angu-8 awukwazi ukudla nokuphuza.
Ukuhlola igazi kwegazi
Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi kwamakhemikhali kukuvumela ukuba unqume isimo cishe kuzo zonke izitho zangaphakathi zengane. Izindlela zezinkomba zokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo ezinganeni:
- isamba samaprotheni. I-Norm: 59-79 g / l. Emva kweminyaka engama-4, izinga lesiprotheni liyancipha futhi liyi: 60-70 g / l. Izinga eliphansi lamaprotheni likhombisa ukuthi kukhona izinqubo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni wengane, kanye nezifo zesibindi. Izinga eliphezulu lamaphrotheni libonisa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi;
- urea. Umkhuba we-urea uhluka kuye ngokuthi indlela yokuhlaziywa. Amazinga aphansi e-urea angabonisa isifo sezinso;
- bilirubin. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-bilirubin kuyisibonakaliso se-jaundice. Futhi, i-bilirubin ephakanyisiwe ibhekwa ezifweni zesibindi;
- i-calcium. Izinga eliphansi le-calcium likhombisa ukuphahlazeka nokudonswa komzimba.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezilwane ezinganeni
Ukuhlaziywa kwesikhumba ezinganeni kuyindlela edingekayo ngaphambi kokungena enkulisa. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwenziwa ukutholakala kwezibungu nezifo ezihlukahlukene zamathumbu. Nakhu ukuthi izindinganiso ze-stool ukuhlaziywa ezinganeni zibukeka kanjani:
- i-enterococcus. I-Norm: 106-107;
- bifidobacteria. I-Norm: engaphansi kuka-108;
- isikhunta esinjengomvubelo. I-Norm: ayikho ngaphezu kuka-104;
- inani eliphelele lika-E. coli. U-Norm: 107-108;
- amagciwane we-Proteus enhlobo. I-Norm: engaphezu kuka-104.
Inombolo yezinkomba ezifana namagciwane we-pathogenic emndenini wamathumbu, i-staphylococcus ye-hemolytic, i-hemolyzing coliform, kumele ibe yi-zero.
Ukuhlolisisa izingane
Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kubantwana kuvumela ukunquma isimo jikelele sezinso kanye nezitho zesistimu ye-genitourinary. Phakathi nokuhlaziywa komchamo, umbala we-urine, inani lama-leukocyte namaseli abomvu, inani le-ushukela namaprotheni, ukucaca kanye nokuphendula komchamo ku-pH kuhlolwa. Uma zonke izinkomba zokugonywa kwezingane zijwayelekile, kusho ukuthi umntwana unempilo.
Kukhona izivivinyo eziningana izingane ezizenzayo: ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukugubha, ukucwaninga okwengeziwe komchamo kanye nezidakamizwa, ukuhlaziywa kwe-hormone ye-thyroid, nabanye.
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuqhutshwa, njengomthetho, kubo bonke abantwana. Imithetho eqinisekisiwe yokuhlaziywa kwemitholampilo ezinganeni ivumela ukuhlonza lesi sifo esencane futhi ngesikhathi sokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ukusebenzisa imigomo yokuhlaziywa komtholampilo ezinganeni, kungenzeka ukunquma isimo sezitho zangaphakathi zengane ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka.