Izindlela zokufundisa - izindlela nezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu

Indlela eya kubafundi kuya emangeni amanga ngokubhekana nezinkinga. Ukuzikhethela indlela yokufundisa kuthinta ukuphumelela nokusheshisa kokufunda, ngoba ukuxhumana komfundi kanye nothisha kuyinkambinkimbi, kuye ngokuthi ikhono lothisha lokufundisa ngendlela efanele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlela zokufundisa

Izindlela zokufundisa yizindlela ezihlelekile zokunikeza ulwazi, amakhono nemikhuba evela kumfundisi kuya kumfundi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu inqubo ayinakwenzeka: ukufeza imigomo nezinjongo, ulwazi kanye nokwenza izinto. Izinhlobo zezindlela zokufundisa:

1. Eziwusizo - bhekani ngezindlela ezisebenzayo, inhloso eyinhloko yokuqinisa amakhono abafundi abafundi ngokuzikhandla. Bakha isisusa esikhulu sokwenza umsebenzi nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo.
2. Izindlela ezibukwayo - zenziwa ngezindlela zokuxhumana. Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto kuphumelela kakhulu futhi kukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu yezinzwa ezibonakalayo.
3. Izindlela zokufundisa izindlela zendabuko ezithathwa njengezodwa kuphela ezingamakhulu eminyaka edlule. Ngosizo lwegama, ngesikhathi sesifundo ungadlulisela ungqimba omkhulu wolwazi. Umzila wokuhlola wokuhlola ubandakanyeka.

Izindlela zokufunda ezisebenzayo

Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokufundisa noma ezisebenzayo zenzeka ngendlela yentando yeningi futhi zihloswe ekusebenziseni ukucabanga, ukuvusa umsebenzi kubafundi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi:

• ukuphoqeleka nokuzibandakanya okuqhubekayo ohlelweni lokufunda;
• ukuvuselela umsebenzi wezemfundo;
• ukuxhumana phakathi kwabafundi nothisha;
• ukwenza izinqumo ezizimele kubafundi, okuba nethonya elihle ekugqugquzelweni nasekuthuthukiseni imizwelo emihle emsebenzini ophumelelayo;
• ukuphathwa okuqinile kwale ndaba ngenxa yomcabango ohlangene ngemiphumela yemisebenzi.

Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqeqesha zihlanganisa:

• umsebenzi we-laboratory;
• ama-workshops;
• inkomfa;
• amatafula azungezile;
• imihlangano;
• izingxoxo;
• I-Roleplaying;
• ingxoxo ehlangene ngezinkinga.

Izindlela zokufundisa ezihlangene

Izindlela ezibukwayo zokufundisa, noma ezenzakalweni zomsindo zanamuhla, enye yezikhombisi-ndlela ezibalulekile zokufunda izinto zokufundisa ngokuphelela. Njengendlela entsha - indlela yokusebenzisana yavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-90 leminyaka lama-XX. futhi isetshenziselwa ngokusebenza manje. Izindlela zokuxhumana zihloswe ekuxazululeni imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukudala izimo ezihlelekile kubafundi;
• ukuqeqeshwa kokuxhumana nokuxhumana, umsebenzi wethimba;
• ukwakheka kobuchwepheshe nemibono efanele;
• Ukunqoba izingxabano nokungavumelani ngesikhathi senqubo yokufunda.

Izibonelo zezindlela zokuxhumana ziyi:

1. Ukubheka njengendlela yokuqeqesha kwakhiwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30. A. Osborne. Ukuziqhenya kubandakanya izinqumo zokuvuselela ezakhayo ezithathwa eziningi futhi azihlaziyi ekuqaleni kwesigaba.
2. Indlela yama-synectics yindlela yokuphikisana okuqhubekayo. Yakha ingqondo yokudala ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezici ezingenakuqhathaniswa okushoyo futhi abahlanganyeli babheka ama-analog, noma amaphuzu othintana nezinto ezingavumelani.

Izindlela zokufunda ezincane

Izindlela zendabuko zokufundisa noma zokucabangela zibhekwa njengezigaba zemfundo futhi zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezikhathini zanamuhla. Izici ezinhle zalolu hlobo lokuqeqesha kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhululwa ngomlomo kwemali eningi isikhathi esithile. Izinkinga zokukhuluma ngamazwi zihlanganisa ubunye obuhlangothini lwenqubo (ukungabi nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kothisha nomfundi).

Izindlela ezinamandla zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuqeqesha:

1. Ukufunda (isifundo) - isethulo esivumelana ngumfundisi wesifundo esithize ngesimo somlomo. Ukwethulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngisho nesifundo esibucayi kungaba nesithakazelo kumfundi, uma isikhulumi sinomusa futhi sinentshisekelo ekukhethekile kwakhe.
2. Inkambo yevidiyo yindlela yesimanje yokufundisa. Unemisebenzi ephakeme, uma isetshenziselwa ukuxoxisana ngezinto ezibukwa ekilasini kanye nothisha nabanye abafundi.
3. I-Seminar - eqhutshwa emva kwezinkulumo zezihloko ezithile ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukwaziswa okudlulile. Kunokuxhumana okubili nokuxoxa.

Izindlela zanamuhla zokufundisa

Umkhakha wemfundo uthuthuka ngokushesha, isidingo sokwenziwa kwemisebenzi sichazwa yisikhathi ngokwawo. Izindlela zokufundisa ezintsha zaqala ukusungulwa ezinkambweni zokufunda nge-60s yekhulu lama-XX. Yamukelwa ukuhlukanisa izindlela ezintsha zanamuhla ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: ukulingisa (ukulingisa - okuhloswe ekwakheni imvelo ehlelwe ngendlela efanele) kanye nalabo abangafani.

Izindlela zokulinganisa zokufundisa:

• ukudlala indima;
• imidlalo yama-didactic (ngokomzimba, kwengqondo, engqondo);
• amaphrojekthi ocwaningo;
• imidlalo yebhizinisi (umdlalo ongena kulo msebenzi ngokusebenzisa izimfanelo).

Izindlela ezingadingekile zokufundisa:

• indlela yamatrices amaningi (ukuhlaziywa kwemicabango ye-morphological, ukucinga izinto ezingekho);
• indlela yezindaba ezibalulekile;
• ukuqeqeshwa;
• ukubonisana;
• izingxoxo ezenzakalelayo.

Izindlela zokulawula nokuzithiba ekuqeqesheni

Ukuqeqesha kuyinkqubo edinga ukuhlolisiswa ukuze iveze ukwaziswa okufundwe ngabafundi nokuthi kujulile kangakanani. Uma ukuphatha ulwazi kuphansi, othisha bahlaziya futhi babuyekeze izindlela nezindlela zokufundisa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokulawula inqubo yokufunda:

1. Ukulawula kwangaphambili - kwenziwa ekuqaleni konyaka wesikole, ukuhlola isimo jikelele sokulungiselela abafundi, ukulungisa iminyaka eyedlule yokutadisha.
2. Ukulawulwa kwamanje ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezidluliwe, ukuhlonza izikhala kolwazi.
3. Ukulawulwa kwetheksthi - isihloko esidlulisiwe noma isigaba sidinga ukuhlolwa, ngale njongo, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa.
4. Ukuzithiba - le ndlela ihilela ukusebenza ngezibonelo ezifanayo zezixazululo, izimpendulo zinikwe imisebenzi - umgomo womfundi ukuthola isisombululo esizoholela empikweni efanele.

Ukukhetha izindlela zokufundisa

Othisha basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe ngenqubo ephumelelayo yokufundisa. Ukukhetha izindlela zokuqeqesha kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi:

• imigomo jikelele nezinhloso zemfundo;
• izinga lokulungiselela abafundi;
• izici zomuntu siqu zothisha;
• imishini yempahla yeziko lemfundo (imishini yesimanje, izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe).

Izimo zokuphumelela kwezindlela zokufundisa

Izindlela eziphumelelayo zemfundo zithatha umphumela omuhle ekuphumeni kokuqeqeshwa, okuqashwe ngendlela yokulawula. Izindlela zokufundisa zingabhekwa njengeziphumelelayo uma umfundi ebonisa:

• ulwazi olujulile, uyakwazi ukuqhuba ukuxhumana kwe-intersubject;
• ukulungele ukusebenzisa ulwazi olutholiwe ezimweni zangempela zokuphila;
• ulwazi oluhlelekile nolokwakhiwa, luyakwazi ukusifakazela nokufakazela.

Izindlela zokufundisa - izincwadi

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokufundisa zisetshenziselwa uhlelo lwezemfundo nezikole zasenkulisa. Abantu abakhetha indlela yokufundisa kunzima ukuhamba ngezigaba ezahlukene zezindlela. Izincwadi zengcweti zisiza:

1. "Okusemqoka kokufunda: i-didactics ne-methodology . " Ibhuku lokubhala. izimali zamanyuvesi Krayevsky VV, Khutorskoy AV - Le ncwadi ichaza izindlela zokufundisa othisha zanamuhla.
2. "Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokufundisa: indlela entsha . " Genike E.A. izindlela ezithakazelisayo zokufundisa zokuxhumana ezithakazelisayo nezokusebenza.
3. "Pedagogy" (ngaphansi kokuhlelwa kwePidkasistogo) . Ibhuku lezincwadi zabafundi bamazikole okufundisa.
4. "Izindlela zokufundisa umphakathi emfundweni ephakeme . " Liaudis V.Ya. - abafundi nabafundisi.