Izindlela zokufundisa eziphula zonke izindinganiso zemfundo!
Izingane eziningi zithola imfundo yesibili, futhi engazi ukuthi "umgcini wendlu," isenzo sokulawula, isifundo esiyinkimbinkimbi nomfaniswano wesikole. Abadabuki ngenxa yokusondela kuka-Septhemba 1 futhi ungacabangi izinsuku ngaphambi kwamaholide. Izingane ezinjalo zivakashela izikole zokuhlola eziqhuba izinhlelo ezingekho ngaphansi kwezemfundo. Ukuthola ulwazi ezikhungweni ezinjalo kuyinjabulo, ngenxa yokuthi abantu abajabulayo, abanokulinganisela nabangenangqondo abavela ezinganeni bakhula.
1. Uhlelo lweDemocratic esikoleni se-ALPHA
Isikhungo semfundo savulwa ngo-1972, eCanada, ngesinyathelo sabazali abaningana abangenandaba nabo.
E-ALPHA akukho izabelo zasemakhaya, amamaki, ama-diaries, amathayimthebula ngisho nezincwadi zezifundo. Ukuqeqesha akuhlukaniswanga nokuphila kwengane, izintshisekelo zakhe zansuku zonke, imidlalo kanye nokuzilibazisa. Izingane ngokwabo zithatha isinqumo sokuchitha usuku esikoleni, ukuthi zifundeni ezintsha nokuthi kufanele zenzeni, futhi umsebenzi wabafundisi akufanele uphazamise nabo futhi ubaqondise ngobumnene endleleni efanele. Ngakho-ke, amaqembu e-ALPHA aneminyaka yobudala obuhlukile, ngoba ayakhiwa kuphela yizintshisekelo.
Izimo zokuphikisana ezikoleni zentando yeningi zixazululwa ngokushesha futhi zikhona. Ngenxa yalokhu, abafundi, kuhlanganise nokuphikisana, kanye nabafundisi abaningana baqoqa. Ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana, amalungu 'ekomidi' akhulume, aqondise amaphuzu okubuka, aqondiswe yizimiso zokuhlonipha futhi azame ukuzibeka endaweni yomunye umuntu. Umphumela uba yisisombululo sokwehlisa, wonke umuntu uyajabula.
U-ALPHA uphinde ubambe imihlangano engavamile yomzali. Bayikhona ngempela nabafundi. Izingane zinelungelo, kanye nabantu abadala, ukwenza izinguquko kwinqubo yokufunda, ukunikeza izifundo ezintsha, ezithakazelisayo nemisebenzi.
Uhlelo lwe-Waldorfian lukaRudolf Steiner
Isikole sokuqala salolu hlobo savuleka ngo-1919 edolobheni laseJalimane laseStuttgart. Manje indlela yeWalldorf isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, izikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-3000 zemfundo zisebenza ngempumelelo kulo.
Ubuqili besistimu ye-Steiner yikuthola ulwazi oluhambisana nokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba, ngokomoya, kwengqondo nangokomzwelo wengane. Izingane azikho ukucindezelwa, ngakho esikoleni esithile akukho gridi yokuhlola, izincwadi, izincwadi zokufunda kanye nesitifiketi esigunyazayo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqeqeshwa, izingane ziqala idayari yomuntu siqu lapho zingabhala phansi noma zidwebe ukubonakala kwazo, ulwazi olusha nolwazi nsuku zonke.
Ngokuhambisana nezifundo ezijwayelekile, abafundi basizwa ukuba bafunde izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko, izandla zobuciko, ukulima, i-finance kanye nefilosofi yesiqalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusetshenziselwa izindlela ezingekho emthethweni ezivumela izingane ukuba zenze izixhumanisi phakathi kwezimo nezinto ezizo zonke izigaba zokuphila, ukuze zingatholi kuphela amakhono ayingqayizivele kodwa asebenzayo azobasiza ngempela esikhathini esizayo.
3. Uhlelo luka-Alexander Nill oluhle esikoleni sase-Summerhill
Eyasungulwa ngo-1921, lesi sikhungo sasiqale eJalimane, kodwa eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva sathuthela e-England (Suffolk). Isikole sase-Summerhill Boarding yisiphupho kunoma yimuphi ingane, ngoba lapha abajezisi ngisho nokungabikho emsebenzini, bangakhulumi amagama angcolile ebhodini nokuziphatha okubi. Yiqiniso, izinto ezinjalo zenzeka kakhulu kakhulu, ngoba izingane zithanda ngempela i-Summerhill.
Umgomo oyinhloko wendlela ka-Alexander Nill: "Inkululeko, hhayi ukuvumela." Ngokusho kwengqondo yakhe, ingane ishesha ukukhathazeka ngokungabi nalutho, isifiso sokuqala sisazoqhubeka. Futhi uhlelo lusebenza ngempela - abafundi besikole sokubhukuda baqala ukujabulela "ukukhohlisa nxazonke", kodwa bona babhala phansi izifundo ezithakazelisayo futhi bafunde ngokucophelela. Njengoba zonke ziqondiswa ngokungenakuphika, izingane ziqala ukuzibandakanya kuzo zonke izinsizakalo eziqondile kanye nezinsizakalo.
I-Summerhill ilawulwa ngabasebenzi bayo nabafundi bayo. Kathathu ngesonto, kubanjwe imihlangano ejwayelekile, wonke umuntu okhona onelungelo lokuvota. Le ndlela isiza umntwana ukuba athuthukise umqondo wemfanelo kanye nezimfanelo zobuholi.
4. Uhlelo lokuxhumana nomhlaba esikoleni saseMount Mahogany
Le ndawo emangalisayo yavula iminyango yayo ngo-2004 e-USA.
Ngokungafani nezinye izikole ezihlukile, ukungena eNtabeni Mahogany awudingi ukudlulisa i-interview noma inkambo yokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili. Ungangena esikhungweni semfundo ngendlela engathembeki nakakhulu - ukunqoba ilotho.
Uhlelo lokuqeqesha lusekelwe ekufundeni kwezinzwa ezintsha ezibonisa ukuthi ukutholakala ngokomzwelo okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuzibandakanya ngokomzwelo okusebenzayo kanye nesimo esihle sangaphandle.
Yilokho i-Mountain Mahogany inxanela - izingane zinikezwa ngezifundo ezijwayelekile nezigaba zokupheka, ukuthunga, ukulima, ukuchonga kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamakhono omkhaya. Ingane ngayinye ifunda okuthile okusha ngokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu nokuxhumana njalo nezwe langaphandle, lifuna ukuvumelana nalo.
Ukukhombisa ukubaluleka kolwazi namakhono atholakalayo, insimu enkulu ihlelwe esikoleni. Lapho, izingane zikhula izihlahla zezithelo, imifino kanye namajikijolo, okuhlangene okuvunwa nokuvuna, okondliwa kuphela ngemikhiqizo yemvelo yokukhiqiza kwawo.
5. Inqubo yokuthengisana uHelen Parkhurst esikoleni saseDalton
Le nqubo yokulungiselela ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni (ngokusho komagazini weForbes). ISikole saseDalton yasungulwa eNew York ngo-1919, kodwa uhlelo lwayo lwezemfundo luyamukelwa izikhungo zemfundo yonke indawo.
Ukuziqhenya kwendlela ka-Ellen Parkhurst kuyisivumelwano. Abafundi abangena esikoleni, bazikhethele ngokuzikhethela ukuthi yiziphi izifundo, nokuthi bangathanda ukufunda kangakanani. Futhi, izingane zikhetha ijubane nokuyinkimbinkimbi kohlelo, umthwalo oyifunayo kanye nekhwalithi yokufunda izinto. Ngokuhambisana nezinqumo ezithathwe, ingane ibonisa inkontileka ngayinye, ecacisa amalungelo nezibopho zombili amaqembu, isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezikhathi kanye nokuhlolwa. Inkontileka iqukethe uhlu lwezincwadi ezinconywayo, ulwazi lokufunda okuqhubekayo nokuzindla, ukulawula imibuzo.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi esikoleni saseDalton akakho othisha ngaleyo ndlela. Benza njengabaxhumanisi, abacebisi, abaqeqeshi nabahlolwayo. Eqinisweni, izingane ngokwazo zithola ulwazi namakhono abafunayo, futhi abantu abadala abathinteki nje, futhi basize njengoba kudingeka.