Iyini iseva? Ngaphakathi kwayo, ikhompyutha enamandla engenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa nokucubungula ulwazi oluza emikhulu emikhulu. Ngokuvamile, imishini yeseva ifakwe ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Ngokomsebenzi nenhloso, amaseva ahluke ngokuphelele.
Iyini iseva?
Noma yimuphi inkampani, ikakhulukazi enkulu, ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kweseva yayo. Ikakhulu le nkampani futhi ephakeme inani labasebenzisi, i- computer iyoba namandla kakhulu. Kungani ngidinga iseva? Igcina izisetshenziswa zemininingwane evamile futhi, ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, amakhompiyutha amaningi angakwazi ukufinyelela ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafoni, amafeksi, amaphrinta namanye amadivayisi athola inethiwekhi evamile angaxhunyaniswa kuwo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kweseva nekhompyutha evamile?
Umehluko phakathi kwabo usekelwe emisebenzini abenzayo. Ngaphansi kwekhompiyutha baqonde izici ezijwayelekile ezinamanye ama-PC ekhaya noma emsebenzini. Iyini iseva ikhompyutha, kodwa yenza imisebenzi ethile kuphela, kufanele iphathe izicelo ezivela kwamanye amadivaysi, kanye:
- Khonza amadivayisi axhunyiwe.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu okukhona.
- Izesekeli ezikhethekile kufanele zifakwe kuwo.
- Kufanele izinaki izici zehluzo zezinhlelo.
Umehluko phakathi kwesiphakeli nesiteji sokusebenza ukuthi umsebenzi owenzelwe umsebenzi wenzelwe kuphela ukuhlinzeka inqubo yomsebenzi wekhwalithi. Ayisebenzisani nanoma ubani ngaphandle kopharetha nesiphakeli. Iseva iphinde ihlangane nayo yonke imishini exhunywe kuyo kwinethiwekhi. Uyakwazi ukwamukela izicelo, ukuphatha ukucubungula kwabo nokunikeza izimpendulo.
Ukusingatha kanjani okuhlukile kwiseva?
Qonda le nkinga ayinzima. Kunezingosi eziningi ezahlukene kwi-inthanethi. Idatha evela kumasayithi kufanele ifakwe kuseva, ekhuluma ngokukhululekile, kwi- hard drive ene-Inthanethi. Ngemva kokufaka isayithi kuwo, iseva igcina. Ukwandisa iseva, engeke ibe khona ngaphandle kwesofthiwe, udinga ukusingathwa, amasevisi angathengwa ku-inthanethi.
Ukusingatha kanye nesiphakeli - yini umehluko? Ungabamba iwebhusayithi yakho siqu. Njengoba ungumnikazi wokusingatha, ungaba nesiphakeli sakho noma uyiqashise inkampani. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu kulabo abangakaze bahlangabezane nokusebenza kweseva futhi abafuni ukuchitha isikhathi sabo sokufunda, bezama okuthile okusha ngokulingwa nokuphutha, ukugcina iso lesitoreji nokusebenzisana nesofthiwe yayo.
Yini engiyidinga ukudala iseva?
Lokhu akuyona injabulo ebiza kakhulu inkampani enkulu engakwazi ukuyikhokhela kalula, kodwa kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile lokhu uthembisa izindleko ezinkulu zezezimali. Kuthatha ukuthini iseva?
- ukuba nomqondo walokho iseva;
- ikhompyutha enhle kakhulu;
- isiteshi se-intanethi, ijubane kufanele libe phezulu;
- uhlelo lokusebenza oluzinzile;
- umhlangano. Kwenzeka ngezinhlobo ezimbili zesikhulumi, yi-Java ne-C ++;
- ukubekezela nesifiso.
Iseva inikethe?
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokucushwa kwikhompyutha evamile, kunemibono eminingana ephawulekayo. Umshini wesiphakeli uqukethe iphrosesa eyinhloko nebhodi le-motherboard, kuphela amaprosesa ambalwa angasetshenziswa ebhodini, futhi izintambo eziningi eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma i- RAM . Yini enye efaka phakathi kwiseva yinkomba, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwayo.
Iyini imbangela yeseva? Ilawula zonke izinqubo zomsebenzi futhi iqoqa ibe yinye. Enye yemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukusebenzisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezisebenza kumodi evamile yomsebenzisi. Ngokuvamile, amakhompyutha e-server anemishini enamandla, kodwa asebenzisa ugesi amaningi, ukuze alondoloze, imisebenzi eminingi yekhompyutha evamile ayikho.
Okudingayo ukwazi ngamaseva
Ukuhlola umsebenzi nezinhloso zaleyo mishini, ungahlukanisa izinhlobo zamaseva ahlukile ngohlobo lwawo. Phakathi kwenombolo jikelele yizona eziyinhloko:
- Iseva yeposi iklanyelwe ukuthumela nokuthola imilayezo ye-imeyli.
- I-server yefayela iyadingeka ukuze igcine ukufinyelela kumafayela athile.
- Iyini iseva yemidiya, icacile esihlokweni. Isebenza ukuthola, ukucubungula nokuthumela ulwazi lwomsindo, ividiyo noma umsakazo.
- Iyini injongo yesiphakeli sedatha? Isetshenziselwa ukugcina nokusebenza ngolwazi, olwakhiwa njenge-database.
- Iyini iseva esibulalayo esetshenziselwa? Inikeza abasebenzisi ukufinyelela kwezinye izinhlelo.
Iphutha lensiza yangaphakathi lisho ukuthini?
Umsebenzisi ngamunye okungenani wabhekana nenkinga lapho, lapho isayithi lilayishiwe, umlayezo "iphutha leseva yangaphakathi le-500" livela, okubonisa ukuthi iphutha langaphakathi leseva lenzekile. Inombolo 500 yikhodi yeprotocol ye-HTTP. Iyini iphutha leseva? Kucatshangwa ukuthi uhlangothi lweseva lweseva, nakuba lusebenza ngokusebenza, kodwa luqukethe amaphutha angaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, isicelo asizange senziwe kwimodi yokusebenza, futhi uhlelo lukhishwe ikhodi yephutha. Kukhona iphutha leseva ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene.
Ayikho uxhumano kuseva, yini engingayenza?
Amaphutha nezinkinga ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesistimu kwenzeka cishe nsuku zonke. Abasebenzisi bavame ukubhekana nenkinga ukuthi iseva ayiphenduli. Kulesi simo kuyadingeka:
- Qinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga zenzeka kuphela ngesiphakeli ethile. Mhlawumbe kuyinkinga kumakhompi womsebenzisi, uxhumano lwe-intanethi noma izilungiselelo. Kumele uqalise kabusha ikhompyutha
- Kufanele uhlole kabili igama lekhasi lewebhu eliceliwe noma ikheli le-IP. Bangashintsha noma bayeke ukuba khona.
- Isizathu sokuntuleka kokuxhumana kungaba inqubomgomo yokuphepha. Ikheli le-IP lekhompyutheni lingabhaliswa yi-server.
- Ukuvinjelwa kungaba kumakhompi womsebenzisi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ikheli livinjelwe uhlelo lwe-anti-virus noma inethiwekhi yenkampani emsebenzini.
- Iphutha lokuxhumeka lingase libe ngenxa yokuthi isicelo sokuxhuma kuseva nje asifinyeleli indawo lapho ukhona khona ngenxa yezinkinga kuma-node aphakathi.
Kuyini ukuhlasela kwesiphakeli se-DDoS?
Izenzo eziningana ezenziwa kubaculi be-intanethi-ye-Inthanethi, okuholela ekutheni abasebenzisi abajwayelekile abakwazi ukufinyelela ezinsizeni ezithile, okuthiwa i-DDoS attack (Distributed Denial Of Service). Iyini iseva ye-DDoS ngenkathi ngesikhathi esisodwa evela emhlabeni wonke kuya enyakatho, okumele ihlaselwe, inombolo enkulu yezicelo zamukelwa. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezicelo zamanga, iseva liyeka umsebenzi walo, ngezinye izikhathi lenzeke ukuthi alikwazi ukubuyiselwa.