Abantu abakhulu, ingqondo kanye nefilosofi, injongo nencazelo yokuphila komuntu kunqunywa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kukhona ukuhumusha okuningi kwale miqondo, futhi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokunquma ukuthi ubani osondelene naye.
Inhloso nencazelo yokuphila komuntu kusuka ekubukeni kwengqondo
Abachwepheshe bezinkinga zezingqondo namanje abakwazi ukuvumelana ngalokho okushiwo injongo nenjongo yokuphila. Incazelo eyodwa yale migomo ayikho. Kodwa umuntu ngamunye angakhetha iphuzu lokubukwa, okubonakala sengathi lizwakala kakhulu. Isibonelo, u-A. Adler wayekholelwa ukuthi injongo yomuntu impilo yakhe enomsebenzi owusizo, obuye ube yingxenye yomklamo omkhulu jikelele. Usosayensi waseRussia D.A. ULeont'ev wahambisana nombono ofanayo, wayekholelwa nje ukuthi incazelo yomsebenzi - akuyona into eyodwa, kufanele kube nesethi yonke yezincazelo. Uma kungenjalo, umgomo wokuba khona komuntu ngeke uphumelele. U-K. Rogers ukholelwa ukuthi injongo yokuphila kufanele ibe yowomuntu wonke, ngoba ngokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye lapho ebona khona umhlaba. V. UFrankl wabhala ukuthi ukuhlanza ubukhona babantu buvela ekushiwo ukuthi kube khona umphakathi wonke. Incazelo yemvelo kanye nenjongo yokuphila, ngokombono wakhe, ayikho, konke kuxhomeke kuhlobo lomphakathi. I-Freud ayizange neze ichaze ukuthi kusho ukuthini, kepha yaphawula ukuthi lowo ophika ukuthi ukhona khona uyagula. U-K. Jung wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuziqhenya kungumgomo kanye nencazelo yokuphila komuntu, ukuzibonakalisa kwakhe okuphelele, "I" yakhe, ukudalulwa kwakhe njengomuntu oyedwa.
Inhloso nencazelo yokuphila ngokwefilosofi
Ifilosofi ayinikezi impendulo engavamile embuzweni, yimuphi umgomo owodwa nencazelo yokuphila komuntu. Ngamanje wamanje unikeza ukuhumusha kwakhe kwale mibono. Kufaka:
- I-Epicureanism iyincazelo yokuphila ekujabuleleni kwayo;
- Ukuzikhethela kuyisimo sokuphila ekuziphatheni kwenyama ngokusweleka ngokomzimba nokukhululwa komoya;
- Umbuso we-utilitarianism isho ukuphila empilweni ewusizo emphakathini;
- i-eudemonism iyincazelo yokuphila ekufezeni injabulo, futhi umgomo wayo omkhulu ukuba umuntu ojabule ngokuphelele;
- ukuphazamisa - incazelo yokuphila ngokuzidela, ukuzidela egameni labanye;
- Ukuhlelwa kwemicabango kuyisimo sokuphila ekuqondeni;
- ukunganaki - incazelo yokuphila emzabalazweni wokulwa nokuhlupheka nokufa ;
- i-existentialism - incazelo yokuphila komuntu ngamunye yi-subjective.
Abafilosofi-izazi zemfundiso yenkolo bakholelwa ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuqonda incazelo nenjongo yokuba khona kwakhe. Yebo, akayidingi, lokhu kuyinkinga yokuhlinzeka ngokwaphezulu.